Ziconotide
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Pronunciation | /zaɪˈkɒnoʊtaɪd/ zy-KON-oh-tyd | |
Other names | SNX–111 | |
AHFS/Drugs.com | Monograph | |
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Intrathecal – directly into cerebrospinal fluid by a catheter | ||
ATC code | ||
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Ziconotide, sold under the brand name Prialt, also called
In December 2004 the
Discovery
Ziconotide is derived from the toxin of the cone snail species Conus magus. Scientists have been intrigued by the effects of the thousands of chemicals in marine snail toxins since the initial investigations in the late 1960s by Baldomero Olivera. Olivera, now a professor of biology in the University of Utah, was inspired by accounts of the deadly effects of these toxins from his childhood in the Philippines. Ziconotide was discovered in the early 1980s by University of Utah research scientist Michael McIntosh,[2] when he was barely out of high school and working with Baldomero Olivera.[3]
Ziconotide was developed into an artificially manufactured drug by Elan Corporation. It was approved for sale under the name Prialt by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration on December 28, 2004, and by the European Commission on February 22, 2005. Azur Pharma acquired worldwide rights (except Europe) to Prialt in 2010.
Mechanism of action
Ziconotide is a hydrophilic molecule that is freely soluble in water and is practically insoluble in
Therapeutic use
Due to the profound side effects or lack of efficacy when delivered through more common routes, such as orally or intravenously, ziconotide must be administered
However, this must be weighed against the high level of
Adverse reactions
The most common side effects are dizziness,
Structure
Ziconotide is a peptide with the amino acid sequence H-Cys-Lys-Gly-Lys-Gly-Ala-Lys-Cys-Ser-Arg-Leu-Met-Tyr-Asp-Cys-Cys-Thr-Gly-Ser-Cys-Arg-Ser-Gly-Lys-Cys-NH2 (CKGKGAKCSRLMYDCCTGSCRSGKC-NH2) and contains 3 disulfide bonds (Cys1-Cys16, Cys8-Cys20, and Cys15-Cys25).
Patents
The drug was patented by Neurex Corp., a U.S. company purchased in 1998 by Élan Corporation, plc of Ireland. U.S. patents assigned to Elan include 5,859,186, 5,795,864 5,770,690, 5,587,454, and 5,587,454.
References
- ^ "Prialt solution for infusion - Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC) - (eMC)". Electronic Medicines Compendium. January 2017. Retrieved April 21, 2018.
- PMID 7149738.
- ^ "NIGMS – Findings, September 2002: Secrets of the Killer Snails". Retrieved December 21, 2007.
- PMID 15578997.
- ^ PMID 19300539.
- ^ "Medscape". Retrieved December 21, 2007.
- ^ "U.S. Pharmacist". Retrieved December 21, 2007.
- PMID 26234920.
- ^ Palca J (August 3, 2015). "Snail Venom Yields Potent Painkiller, But Delivering The Drug Is Tricky". NPR. Retrieved August 5, 2015.
- PMID 16845440.
- PMID 17063978.
- ^ prialt.com Archived March 15, 2006, at the Wayback Machine
- S2CID 33370759.
External links
- "Ziconotide". Drug Information Portal. U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- Clinical trial number NCT00076544 for "Ziconotide Effectiveness and Safety Trial in Patients with Chronic Severe Pain" at ClinicalTrials.gov