Ziguinchor
Ziguinchor
زيغينكور | |
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UTC+0 (GMT ) |
Ziguinchor (French:
Unlike the
Etymology
There are several competing etymologies for Ziguinchor's name. The best known comes from the time when Portuguese traders and explorers came to the region to form a trading post, and derives from
History
The oldest habitation of the area was a
The post boasted a fort with a few pieces of artillery by 1700, but was never an important economic center. The French occupied
Under the French, Ziguinchor became a major trade port, mostly due to the intensive
Rice growing, the traditional crop of the region, was hurt by the push to cultivate groundnuts, and extensive forest areas were cleared. The French government also imported rice from the intensive farming they encouraged in French Indochina, shrinking the market for Casamance's main produce.
After independence, the city saw its economic growth slow, in part due to the
As the capital of Casamance, Ziguinchor has been at the center of a
Ousmane Sonko, a prominent opposition leader, was elected mayor of Ziguinchor in 2022. The city was the scene of large protests in June 2023 after his conviction on charges that many Senegalese, especially youth, view as a political ploy by President Macky Sall to discredit a rival.[6]
Economy
Ziguinchor remains economically dependent on its role as a cargo port, transport hub and ferry terminal. The "Nationale 4" highway crosses the Casamance River just east of the city, linking the region with Bignona about 25 km to the north, and (via The Gambia), the rest of Senegal.
A vibrant
Transport
The
The city has an airport, Ziguinchor Airport.
Architecture
A number of buildings in the town have classified by government decree as historic, the cemetery and several government buildings, like the Ziguinchor Regional Council.[9]
Places of worship
Among the
Demography
Ziguinchor is a melting pot of all the ethnic groups co-existing in Senegal:
Notable natives and residents
Ziguinchor is the birthplace of some famous Senegalese people.
Writers and filmmakers
Artists
- Doura Mané
- Bouly Sonko
- Ousmane Sow Huchard "Soleya Mama"
- The Tourekunda brothers
Sportsmen
- Jules Francois Bocande, footballer
- Bassirou NDiaye
- Lansana Coly, judoka
- Basile de Carvalho, footballer
- Aliou Cissé, footballer and coach
TikTokers
Climate
Ziguinchor has a tropical savanna climate (Köppen Aw). It has hot, rainless winters and warm, very wet summers. The average annual rainfall is approximately 1,550 millimetres or 61 inches, which is more than three times that of Dakar, although less than half that of Conakry.
Climate data for Ziguinchor (1991–2020) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 34.1 (93.4) |
36.7 (98.1) |
38.4 (101.1) |
38.4 (101.1) |
37.2 (99.0) |
35.5 (95.9) |
33.1 (91.6) |
32.3 (90.1) |
33.0 (91.4) |
34.4 (93.9) |
34.6 (94.3) |
33.7 (92.7) |
35.1 (95.2) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 17.8 (64.0) |
18.7 (65.7) |
19.7 (67.5) |
20.4 (68.7) |
22.1 (71.8) |
24.1 (75.4) |
23.9 (75.0) |
23.7 (74.7) |
23.5 (74.3) |
23.7 (74.7) |
21.7 (71.1) |
18.7 (65.7) |
21.5 (70.7) |
Record low °C (°F) | 12.4 (54.3) |
13.5 (56.3) |
13.9 (57.0) |
15.2 (59.4) |
18.2 (64.8) |
20.4 (68.7) |
18.4 (65.1) |
20.0 (68.0) |
20.5 (68.9) |
20.0 (68.0) |
14.7 (58.5) |
13.1 (55.6) |
12.4 (54.3) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 4.9 (0.19) |
0.2 (0.01) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
2.9 (0.11) |
93.1 (3.67) |
341.1 (13.43) |
480.7 (18.93) |
358.6 (14.12) |
113.5 (4.47) |
6.1 (0.24) |
0.1 (0.00) |
1,401.2 (55.17) |
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 1.2 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.7 | 6.6 | 17.5 | 21.4 | 18.4 | 7.9 | 0.3 | 0.0 | 74.1 |
Source: NOAA[11] |
Administration
In the decades following independence, Ziguinchor was a stronghold of the Socialist Party of Senegal (PS).
Africa Cup of Nations
Ziguinchor was one of the venues for the
Education
École française
The Catholic University of West Africa opened a campus in Ziguinchor in 2006.[3] Ziguinchor University was founded in 2007.[17]
Twin towns – sister cities
Ziguinchor is twinned with:
- Compiègne, France[18]
- Rimini, Italy[19]
- Saint-Maur-des-Fossés, France[20]
- São Filipe, Cape Verde[21]
- Viana do Castelo, Portugal[22]
References
- ^ "SENEGAL" (PDF). International Water Management Institute. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 July 2010. Retrieved 4 October 2012.
- ^ Bühnen, Stephan. “Place Names as an Historical Source: An Introduction with Examples from Southern Senegambia and Germany.” History in Africa, vol. 19, 1992, pp. 45–101. JSTOR, https://doi.org/10.2307/3171995. Accessed 27 Jul. 2022.
- ^ ISBN 978-0-8108-5310-2.
- ^ Caroline JUILLARD. Sub-Saharian immigration in France: from diversity to integration Archived 13 August 2008 at the Wayback Machine. Université René Descartes-Paris V. Conference paper. University of Texas (2003) pp.9–10.
For full population summary, see Centre culturel régional de Ziguinchor Archived 17 November 2007 at the Wayback Machine, Ministère de la Culture, du Patrimoine historique classé, des Langues nationales et de la Francophonie, Government of Senegal (2004). - ^ Ernest Harsch. Peace pact raises hope in Senegal: After 22 years, Casamance war is winding down Archived 14 February 2008 at the Wayback Machine, From Africa Renewal, Vol.19 No. 1 (April 2005), page 14.
Crowds cheer Senegal peace deal, BBC, 30 December 2004. Casamance rebels attack town, BBC, 4 January 2002. - ^ Peltier, Elian (1 June 2023). "Protests Erupt in Senegal After Opposition Leader Is Sentenced to Prison". New York Times. Retrieved 28 August 2023.
- ^ Eyewitness: Senegal weeps for ferry loss, BBC, 28 September 2002.
Senegal restores vital ferry link, BBC, 12 November 2005. - ^ LIAISON MARITIME DAKAR-ZIGUINCHOR: "Aline Sitoé Diatta, c'est le refus de la fatalité", selon le président, Le Soleil, 15 December 2007.
- ^ "ARRETE MINISTERIEL n° 2711 mcphc-dpc en date du 3 mai 2006". Republic of Senegal. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 17 November 2016.
- ^ J. Gordon Melton, Martin Baumann, Religions of the World: A Comprehensive Encyclopedia of Beliefs and Practices, ABC-CLIO, USA, 2010, p. 2573-2575
- ^ "World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991-2020 — Ziguinchor". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 10 January 2024.
- ^ Mame Less Camara, Senegal's presidential contenders, BBC News, 22 February 2007.
- ^ Pds et Aj décident d'aller en coalition à Ziguinchor Archived 4 March 2008 at the Wayback Machine, Le Soleil, 28 February 2008. SÛR DE LA VICTOIRE DE LA COALITION SOPI A ZIGUINCHOR, Abdoulaye Baldé lance des piques à Robert Sagna. Nettali. 12 May 2007 . Deux défaites successives à Ziguinchor: Est-ce le chant du cygne pour Robert Sagna ?, Rewmi, 6 June 2007 Robert Sagna va t-il vers la rupture ? Chronique d'un départ annoncé Archived 2 December 2009 at the Wayback Machine, Parti socialiste Sénégal, 13 December 2006
- ^ "Passation de service à la mairie de Ziguinchor: Baldé fait de Robert Sagna, "le maire honoraire de la ville""[permanent dead link], xalimasn.com, 18 April 2009 (in French).
- ^ Soumaré, Marième (25 January 2022). "Senegal: Oppositionist Ousmane Sonko celebrates his election victory in Ziguinchor". The Africa Report. Retrieved 28 August 2023.
- AEFE. Retrieved on 3 May 2015.
- ^ OUVERTURE DE L'UNIVERSITE DE ZIGUINCHOR Archived 15 October 2007 at the Wayback Machine, Agance Pres Senegalais, 3 March 2007.
- ^ "Villes jumelées" (in French). Compiègne. Retrieved 23 November 2023.
- ^ "Gemellaggi" (in Italian). Rimini. Retrieved 23 November 2023.
- ^ "Découvrez Saint-Maur" (in French). Saint-Maur-des-Fossés. Retrieved 23 November 2023.
- ^ "Ilhas de Cabo Verde: Ilha do Fogo" (in Portuguese and French). Cabo Verde Islands. Retrieved 23 November 2023.
- ^ "Relações internacionais / cooperação" (in Portuguese). Viana do Castelo. Retrieved 23 November 2023.
Bibliography
- Much of this article was translated from the French language Wikipedia article fr:Ziguinchor.
- Ferdinand de Jong. Politicians of the Sacred Grove: Citizenship and Ethnicity in Southern Senegal. Africa: Journal of the International African Institute, Vol. 72, No. 2 (2002), pp. 203–220 On the political and cultural tactics of longtime mayor Robert Sagna.
Further reading
- (in French) Jean-Claude Bruneau, Ziguinchor en Casamance: aspects géographiques de la capitale régionale du Sud Sénégalais, Université de Bordeaux III, 1975, 409 p. (Thèse de 3rd cycle)
- (in French) Jean-Claude Bruneau, Ziguinchor en Casamance: la croissance urbaine dans les pays tropicaux, Talence, Ministère des universités, CNRS, Centre d'études de géographie tropicale, 1979
- (in French) Nfally Diedhiou, Administration coloniale et travail forcé en Casamance. Étude de cas du réseau routier à travers la construction de la route Tobor-Ziguinchor, Dakar, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, 2000, 119 p. + annexes, (Mémoire de Maîtrise)
- (in French) Maguette Diop, Monographie climatique d'une station synoptique: Ziguinchor (1946–1975), Université de Dakar, 1977 (Mémoire de Maîtrise)
- (in French) Baudouin Duquesne, Le secteur informel en Afrique. Approche théorique et étude de cas: "les barroms-sarrettes de Ziguinchor", Sénégal, 1986
- (in French) Mamadou Goudiaby, Monographie de la ville de Ziguinchor de 1886 à 1960: le problème des sources, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, 2001, 51 p. (Mémoire de DEA)
- (in French) Caroline Juillard, Sociolinguistique urbaine: la vie des langues à Ziguinchor (Sénégal), CNRS, 1995
- (in French) Mamadou Goudiaby, Monographie de la ville de Ziguinchor de 1886 à 1960: le problème des sources, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, 2001, 51 p. (Mémoire de DEA)
- (in French) Jacqueline Trincaz, Colonisations et religions en Afrique noire. L'exemple de Ziguinchor, Paris, L'Harmattan, 1981, VIII + 360 p. (Thèse de 3rd cycle publiée)
- (in French) Pierre-Xavier Trincaz, Colonisation et régionalisme, la double domination: exemple de Ziguinchor en Casamance, Sénégal. Etude urbaine socio-économique d'une capitale régionale d'Afrique, Université de Paris V, 1979 (Thèse de 3rd cycle publiée en 1984, Colonisation et Régionalisme. Ziguinchor en Casamance, Paris, ORSTOM, 270 p.
External links
- (in French) Mayor of Ziguinchor's statistics at the International Association for Francophone Mayors.
- (in French) Centre culturel régional de Ziguinchor, Ministère de la Culture, du Patrimoine historique classé, des Langues nationales et de la Francophonie, Senegal.
- (in French) Video of Ziguinchor 2017 Documentary about Ziguinchor and Nella Star, a Dutch anthropologist, revisiting Ziguinchor after 44 years to bring back memories.