Zimbabwe women's national field hockey team at the 1980 Summer Olympics

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Dynamo Minor Arena
, Moscow.

The 1980

white minority, was assembled less than a month before the Olympics began to help fill the gaps the American-led Olympic boycott created in the women's hockey competition. Zimbabwe's subsequent victory in the round-robin tournament with three wins and two draws was regarded as a huge upset, particularly considering the team's lack of preparation and experience; it has been called an "irresistible fairy story".[1]
Won at a time of great political transition in Zimbabwe, the gold medal was the country's first Olympic medal of any colour.

The 1980 Olympics were first to feature women's hockey, and the first to include Zimbabwe under that name—barred from the last three Olympics for political reasons, the country had last competed as

media of Zimbabwe
, they were met by cheering crowds on their return home, and were briefly national celebrities. Zimbabwe did not win another Olympic medal until 2004.

Invitation and team selection

The

white government's declaration of independence from Britain in 1965.[4] The Zimbabwe Olympic Committee received the invitation to send men's and women's hockey squads to Moscow on 14 June 1980, 35 days before the Olympics were due to start.[5] They were taken totally by surprise—they had not prepared hockey teams for the Games—but nevertheless agreed to send a women's squad.[3] No women's hockey team representing the country had ever played overseas before.[5]

A squad of 16 members, built around the core of the former Rhodesia team,[3] was hastily assembled by Liz Dreyer, the president of the national women's hockey association, who became the team's manager. Every player and official was white.[3] Ann Grant, the team's 25-year-old sweeper, was appointed captain. Anthea Stewart, who had played for South Africa 25 times before retiring in 1974, both coached the squad and played herself. Liz Chase, the only other team member with international experience (having also represented South Africa) was made vice-captain. At 35 years old, Stewart was the team's oldest player, while Arlene Boxall, the 18-year-old reserve goalkeeper, was the youngest. The squad included twin sisters in Sandy Chick and Sonia Robertson.[5]

Entirely amateur, the team mostly comprised players with professions unrelated to sport—Grant, for example, was a bookkeeper, while Boxall was an operations clerk in the Air Force of Zimbabwe.[5] Several had sporting relatives, most prominently Grant, whose brother was the international cricketer Duncan Fletcher.[3] Audrey Palmer, a seasoned hockey official and referee who had played for Rhodesia from 1953 to 1961, travelled with the team as a medic, trainer and general supervisor.[6][5] The squad left on 7 July, travelling first to the Zambian capital Lusaka and then to Luanda in Angola,[7] from where they flew to Moscow on an aircraft usually used for freighting meat. "The stench was terrible", Grant later said. "There were no seats, so we all sat on the floor, strapped in and set off into the unknown. We didn't even have the right shoes to play on the artificial hockey surface."[3]

1980 Zimbabwe women's national field hockey team[5]
Name (role) Position Date of birth (age) Profession Club
Arlene Boxall Goalkeeper 9 October 1961 (age 18) Operations clerk in Air Force of Zimbabwe Police
Liz Chase (vice-captain) Forward 26 April 1950 (age 30) Physical education teacher Old Hararians
Sandra Chick Forward 2 June 1947 (age 33) Bank official Salisbury Sports
Gillian Cowley Various 8 July 1955 (age 25) Bookkeeper Salisbury Sports
Patricia Davies Various 5 December 1956 (age 23) Secretary Old Hararians
Sarah English Goalkeeper 28 November 1955 (age 24) Audit clerk Queens Sports Club
Maureen George Defender 1 September 1955 (age 24) Secretary Salisbury Sports
Ann Grant (captain) Sweeper 6 May 1955 (age 25) Bookkeeper Old Hararians
Susan Huggett Various 29 June 1954 (age 26) Bookkeeper Old Hararians
Patricia McKillop Midfielder 15 July 1956 (age 24) Housewife Bulawayo Athletic Club
Brenda Phillips Midfielder 18 January 1958 (age 22) Physical education teacher Old Miltonians
Christine Prinsloo Midfielder 3 May 1952 (age 28) Insurance underwriter Salisbury Postals
Sonia Robertson Defender 2 June 1947 (age 33) Sports coach Salisbury Sports
Anthea Stewart (player-coach) Various 20 November 1944 (age 35) Not recorded —
Helen Volk Various 29 March 1954 (age 26) Not recorded Bulawayo Athletic Club
Linda Watson Various 11 September 1955 (age 24) Secretary-bookkeeper Salisbury Sports

Tournament

The event was organised as a

underdogs and did not expect to win a medal.[9]

Two women joyfully embrace
Members of the Zimbabwean team celebrate after their victory over Poland.

Zimbabwe played in the first women's Olympic hockey match, facing Poland on 25 July.[11] Pat McKillop scored the first goal to put Zimbabwe ahead before Pat Davies, Linda Watson and Chase each added one more to round off a 4–0 victory. On 27 July, Zimbabwe and Czechoslovakia drew 2–2; McKillop and Chase scored. The next day, the Zimbabweans beat the Soviets 2–0, McKillop scoring both goals. A 1–1 draw with India on 30 July put Zimbabwe in first place before the final round of matches on the 31st. Zimbabwe had to beat Austria to be sure of winning the gold.[5]

Stewart declared the team's first-choice white-and-blue outfit "lucky" on the basis that both Zimbabwe's victories had been won wearing it (as opposed to the two draws wearing green), and expressed joy that they would again be wearing white and blue in the deciding match.[11] According to Glen Byrom, covering the event for the Herald newspaper, the Zimbabweans appeared nervous during the opening stages of the game, and were fortunate not to go behind after 15 minutes, when Austria missed a clear chance.[11] Chick opened the scoring after 28 minutes, receiving the ball from a corner before cleanly stroking it into the net. Austria's Brigitte Kindler equalised two minutes later from a penalty stroke, flicking the ball beyond Zimbabwean goalkeeper Sarah English into the top-left corner of the goal. With the score 1–1 at half time, Brenda Phillips replaced Christine Prinsloo at right-half.[11]

Urged on by a small but loud group of fellow Zimbabwean Olympians, the Zimbabweans improved after the break and, according to Byrom, "ke[pt] the Austrian goal under siege" throughout the second half.

short corner that deflected off an opposing player's stick and flew high into the net to give Zimbabwe the lead. Now appearing supremely confident, Byrom reported, the Zimbabweans "simply overran Austria with a splendid display of fast, attacking hockey", forcing eight short corners and four long corners during the second period to Austria's one long corner. Gillian Cowley made it 3–1 on 60 minutes, following up to score after Sandy Chick's free hit was blocked. McKillop rounded up the win four minutes later, collecting a through pass from Chase and smashing the ball home. Byrom reported "incredible scenes of unrestrained joy" at the final buzzer—"the Zimbabweans, tears streaming from their eyes, danced about the field hugging and kissing each other".[11] Finally they hoisted Grant onto their shoulders and carried her off the field.[11]

A few hours later, the Zimbabwean players returned to the field wearing their blue skirts and blue Zimbabwe Olympic blazers for the medals ceremony. After the third-placed Soviets and second-placed Czechoslovakians had received their medals, Grant led the team up to the podium to receive the first ever Olympic gold medal for women's hockey. It was their country's first Olympic medal of any colour. All 16 players received medals; they then led the Czechoslovakian and Soviet teams on a walking lap of honour around the field.[11]

Zimbabwe finished the tournament undefeated, having scored the most goals and conceded the fewest of any team. The six goals from Pat McKillop, a housewife from Bulawayo, made her the competition's joint top scorer with the USSR's Natella Krasnikova. Chase, despite nursing a knee injury, played in all five matches and scored three goals. All of the Zimbabwean squad members played at least one match except for Boxall, who never came off the bench, but still received a gold medal.[11]

Final standings
Pos Team Pld W D L GF GA Pts
1st place, gold medalist(s)  Zimbabwe 5 3 2 0 13 4 8
2nd place, silver medalist(s)  Czechoslovakia 5 3 1 1 10 5 7
3rd place, bronze medalist(s)  Soviet Union 5 3 0 2 11 5 6
4  India 5 2 1 2 9 6 5
5  Austria 5 2 0 3 6 11 4
6  Poland 5 0 0 5 0 18 0

Reactions and legacy

Sally Mugabe
promised each of the players an ox, but ultimately gave them packages of meat instead.

The victorious hockey players were immediately dubbed the "Golden Girls" by Zimbabwean reporters.

Sally, but ultimately received a polystyrene package of meat instead at a ceremony hosted by Mrs Mugabe.[3] Many of the players emigrated over the following years, mostly to South Africa.[3] Their victory continues to be celebrated in Zimbabwe today.[12] The country did not win another Olympic medal until Kirsty Coventry won three swimming medals in Athens in 2004.[13] Robert Mugabe promptly applied the "golden girl" nickname to her on her return home.[14]

The Zimbabwean hockey team's victory at the 1980 Olympics was widely considered a great upset. Sports historians have called it a "fairytale"[3] and an "irresistible fairy story".[1] While the Zimbabweans were overjoyed by their unlikely status as the first ever Olympic gold medallists in women's hockey, some, including Robert Sullivan of Sports Illustrated, felt that the Zimbabwean victory epitomised how the Western boycott had lowered competitive standards and, in their opinion, "ruined" the 1980 Olympics.[8] While acknowledging this to an extent, Cathy Harris asserted in her 2008 retrospective on the team, published in The Sunday Times, that the victory still deserved to be recognised as a great achievement. "They freely acknowledge that they won the gold medal without competing against the best in the world", she concludes, "but, like many athletes in Moscow in 1980, they seized their chance."[3]

Notes and references

Footnote

  1. ^ Men's field hockey first appeared at the Olympics in 1908 and has been played continuously since 1928.[2]

References

  1. ^ a b Tomlinson 2010, p. 239.
  2. ^ Mallon & Heijmans 2011, p. 156.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Harris & 2008 a.
  4. ^ Little 2005.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g Zimbabwe Olympic Committee.
  6. ^ "Zimbabwe's first Olympic gold and the forgotten hockey fairytale of 1980". www.insidethegames.biz. 26 July 2020. Retrieved 16 May 2021.
  7. ^ Caute 1983, p. 438.
  8. ^ a b Sullivan 1984.
  9. ^ a b c d Harris & 2008 b.
  10. ^ Harris & 2008 a; Harris & 2008 b.
  11. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Byrom, McDermott & Streak 1980, pp. 249–253.
  12. ^ Chirumanzu 2012; Daily News 2012.
  13. ^ Sandu & Muchinjo 2004.
  14. ^ Mathers 2010.

Journal and newspaper articles

Bibliography

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