Zoilus II
Zoilus II Soter ("The Saviour") | |
---|---|
Indo-Greek king | |
Reign | 55–35 BC |
Zoilus II Soter (
Rule
Zoilus seems to have been one of the rulers who succeeded the last important Indo-Greek king
He may have been the Bactrian ally of
Hinc ope barbarica variisque Antonius armis, |
Antony, with barbarous wealth and strange weapons, conqueror of eastern peoples and the Indian shores, bringing Egypt, |
—Virgil, The Aeneid, 8.688[1] |
Coinage
Zoilus II issued silver drachms with diademed portrait and Pallas Athene in rather crude style, and two sorts of bronzes in various denominations: "Apollo, with tripod and small elephant", and "Elephant and tripod".
Zoilus III, a separate king?
The portraits attributed to Zoilus II could be divided into two groups; one depicting a balding man with hollow cheeks, the other a seemingly younger man with a fringe and round cheeks. As numismatic evidence indicates that the younger portraits are later, recent research has suggested that they be attributed to a younger king, Zoilus III Soter, who would then have been a son and successor of the older Zoilos.[2]
In particular, the mint mark which is characteristic of the coins of Zoilos with a full head of hair, is a later mint mark used down to the last Indo-Greek kings Strato II and Strato III, suggesting a later reign for Zoilus III.[2] This mint-mark however was never used by the "balding" Zoilus II, or by any king before him.[2]
Indo-Scythian imitations
The
-
The "boxy" mint mark characteristic of Zoilus III and later Indo-Greek kings.
-
Another coin of the proposed Zoilus III.
-
Coin of Bhadayasa, an imitation of the proposed Zoilus IIII.
Monograms
Many of the
The coins of Zoilus II combine Greek monograms with
Findspots
The coins of Zoilus II have been found in the
Also, 25 coins of Zoilus II were found under the foundations of a 1st-century BC rectangular chapel in the monastery of
Two coins of Zoilus II were also found in the Bara hoard near Peshawar, together with coins of the Indo-Scythian kings Azes I, Azilises, Azes II.[5]
Overstrikes
A coin of Zoilus II was overstruck on a coin of Apollodotus II.
See also
- Greco-Bactrian Kingdom
- Seleucid Empire
- Greco-Buddhism
- Indo-Scythians
- Indo-Parthian Kingdom
- Kushan Empire
Notes
- ^ Francis Henry Skrine and Edward Denison Ross, The Heart of Asia: A History of Russian Turkestan and the Central Asian Khanates from the Earliest Times, by London, Methuen, 1899, p.19; E. Drouin, “Bactriane”, La Grande Encyclopédie: Inventaire Raisonné des Sciences, des Lettres et des Arts, Paris, Lamirault, 1885-1902, Tome 4, pp.1115-1122, nb 1118.
- ^ a b c d Jakobsson, J (2010). "A Possible New Indo-Greek King Zoilos III, and an Analysis of Realism on Indo-Greek Royal Portraits". Numismatic Chronicle. JSTOR article
- ^ "Another group of coins which was found in greater numbers at religious sites, at Dharmarajika in particular, than at Sirkap is that of Zoilos II. A hoard of 25 drachms from the monastery are the only silver coins of Zoilos Soter found at Taxila" Numismatic Digest - Volume 4 - Page 13, 1980
- ^ John Marshall, "Taxila, Archaeological excavations", p. 248 "The only minor antiquities of interest found in this building were twenty-five debased silver coins of the Greek king Zoilus II, which were brought to light beneath the foundations of the earliest chapel".)
- ^ Reference
References
- The Greeks in Bactria and India, W. W. Tarn, Cambridge University Press.
- Indo-Greek Coins, R. B. Whitehead, 1914.