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1952 United States Supreme Court case
Zorach v. Clauson N.E.2d
463 (1951); probable jurisdiction noted, 72 S. Ct. 232 (1951).
Released time programs are acceptable if the instruction takes place away from the school campus, for 1 hour per week, and with no public funding.
Chief Justice
Fred M. Vinson
Associate Justices
Majority Douglas, joined by Vinson, Reed, Burton, Clark, Minton Dissent Black Dissent Frankfurter Dissent Jackson U.S. Const. amend. I
Wikisource has original text related to this article:
Zorach v. Clauson , 343 U.S. 306 (1952), was a case in which the Supreme Court of the United States allowed a school district to allow students to leave school for part of the day to receive religious instruction.[1]
Case
New York State law permitted schools to allow some students to leave school during school hours for purposes of religious instruction or practice while requiring others to stay in school. Accordingly, students in
New York City were allowed to leave only on written request of their guardians, but the schools did not fund or otherwise assist in the development of these programs.
The Greater New York Coordinating Committee on Released Time of
Several parents sued the district for providing official sanction for religious instruction.
Decision
The
US Supreme Court upheld the arrangement by finding that it did not violate the
Establishment Clause of the First Amendment or the
Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment because the instruction was not held within the school building and received no public funds.
William O. Douglas , writing for the majority, reasoned that "this 'released time' program involves neither religious instruction in public school classrooms nor the expenditure of public funds.... The case is therefore unlike
McCollum v. Board of Education ."
[1]
Three justices dissented from the decision. Hugo Black , Felix Frankfurter and Robert H. Jackson considered the law unconstitutional, and all three cited McCollum v. Board of Education (1948)[2] and believed that the Court did not adequately distinguish between the circumstances in McCollum and the ones in Zorach . Jackson's dissent was especially strong: "Today's judgment will be more interesting to students of psychology and of the judicial processes than to students of constitutional law."[1]
See also
References
Further reading
Sorauf, Frank J. (1959). "Zorach v. Clauson : The Impact of a Supreme Court Decision". American Political Science Review . 53 (3): 777–791. .
External links
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