80s

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The 80s was a decade that ran from January 1, AD 80, to December 31, AD 89.

As the decade began, the

Manning (2008) tentatively estimates the world population in AD 80 to have been 250 million.[1]

Events

AD 80

By place

Roman Empire

• Emperor
  100 days of games
  .
• The earliest stage of Lullingstone Roman villa is built.
• The
  Britannia
  is an island.
• Roman legionaries
  .
• The original Roman Pantheon is destroyed in a fire, along with many other buildings.
• The Eifel Aqueduct is constructed to bring water 95 km (59 mi) from the Eifel region to Colonia Claudia Ara Agrippinensum (modern Cologne).
• An epidemic afflicts Rome.^[2]
• Martial publishes the Liber Spectaculorum.^[3]

Asia

• Some 30,000
  steppes to the west with 40,000 horses and 100,000 cattle, joining with Iranian tribesmen and with Mongols from the Siberian forests to form a group that will be known in Europe as the Huns
  .
• King Pasa becomes ruler of the Korean kingdom of Silla.^[4]

By topic

Art and Science

• The aeolipile, the first steam engine, is described by Hero of Alexandria.

Religion

• The Gospel of Luke and Acts of the Apostles are written (approximate date).

AD 81

By place

Roman Empire

• September 14 – Domitian succeeds his brother Titus as emperor. Domitian is not a soldier like his two predecessors, and his administration is directed towards the reinforcement of a monarchy. By taking the title of Dominus ("lord"), he scandalizes the senatorial aristocracy. Romanisation progresses in the provinces, and life in the cities is greatly improved. Many provincials – Spanish, Gallic, and African – become Senators.
• The Arch of Titus is constructed.
• cult of the Emperor
  ).

By topic

Commerce

• The silver content of the Roman denarius rises to 92% under emperor Domitian, up from 81% in the reign of Vitellius.

Religion

• Possible date of the First Epistle of Peter.

AD 82

By place

Roman Empire

• Emperor
  Roman Consul
  .
• Gnaeus Julius Agricola raises a fleet, and encircles the Celtic tribes beyond the Forth; the Caledonians rise in great numbers against the Romans. They attack the camp of Legio IX Hispana at night, but Agricola sends his cavalry in, and puts them to flight.
• Calgacus unites the Picts (30,000 men) in Scotland, and is made chieftain of the Caledonian Confederacy.
• Dio Chrysostom is banished from Rome, Italy, and Bithynia, after advising one of the Emperor's conspiring relatives.
• Domitian levies Legio I Minervia.

AD 83

By place

Roman Empire

• Possible date of the
  Britons and 360 Romans
  are killed.
• Emperor
  Germanic tribe. His victory allows the construction of fortifications (Limes) along the Rhine-frontier.^[5]
• The Roman fort Inchtuthil is built in Scotland.
• Domitian is, again, also a
  Roman Consul
  .
• Possible date that Demetrius of Tarsus visits an island in the
  druids
  .
• In Rome, the castration of slaves is prohibited.

AD 84

By place

Roman Empire

• Possible date of the Battle of Mons Graupius (AD 83 or 84), in which Gnaeus Julius Agricola defeats the Caledonians.^[6][7]
• Emperor Domitian recalls Agricola back to Rome, where he is rewarded with a triumph and the governorship of the Roman province of Africa, but he declines it.^{[citation needed]}
• Pliny the Younger is sevir equitum Romanorum (commander of a cavalry squadron).^{[citation needed]}
• The construction of the limes, a line of Roman fortifications from the Rhine to the Danube, has begun.^[8]
• Through his election as consul for ten years and censor for life, Domitian openly subordinates the republican aspect of the state to the monarchical.^{[citation needed]}
• Domitian increases the troops' pay by one third, thus securing their loyalty.^[9]

Asia

• Change from Jianchu to Yuanhe era of the Chinese Eastern Han Dynasty.^{[citation needed]}

AD 85

By place

Roman Empire

• Dacians under Decebalus engage in two wars against the Romans from this year to AD 88 or 89.
• Emperor Domitian repulses a Dacian invasion of Moesia.
• Domitian appoints himself censor for life, which gives him the right to control the Senate. His totalitarian tendencies put the senatorial aristocracy firmly in opposition to him.

Asia

• Korean peninsula. The war continues until the peace treaty of 105
  .

By place

Roman Empire

• Emperor Domitian introduces the Capitoline Games.^[10]
• Roman general (and future emperor) Trajan begins a campaign to crush an uprising in Germany.
• Germany is divided into two provinces, Germania Inferior and Germania Superior (approximate date).
• Epigrams.^[11]

• First Battle of Tapae: Roman legions face disaster in Dacia, when Roman general Cornelius Fuscus launches a powerful offensive that becomes a failure. Encircled in the valley of Timi, he dies along with his entire army. Rome must pay tribute to the Dacians in exchange for a vague recognition of Rome's importance.

Asia

• Ban Gu (Pan Kou) and his sister Ban Zhao (Pan Tchao) compose the History of China.

AD 87

By place

Roman Empire

• The Roman Julius Maternus
  explores western Africa
  (approximate date).
• Lyon, a city in Gaul, has a population of over 100,000 citizens (approximate date).
• Sextus Julius Sparsus gains power in the Roman Senate (approximate date).

Europe

• Decebalus becomes king of Dacia.^[12]

AD 88

By place

Roman Empire

• Two Egyptian obelisks are erected in Benevento in front of the Temple of Isis, in honour of Emperor Domitian.
• Quintilian retires from teaching and from pleading, to compose his great work on the training of the orator (Institutio Oratoria).
• The First Dacian War ends: Decebalus becomes a client king of Rome, he receives money, craftsmen and war machines to protect the borders (limes) of the Roman Empire.

Asia

• Emperor
  Chinese Empire
  .
• Last year (4th) of yuanhe era and start of zhanghe era of the Chinese
  Eastern Han dynasty
  .

By topic

Religion

• Pope Clement I succeeds Pope Anacletus I as the fourth pope
  .

By place

Europe

• January 1 – Lucius Antonius Saturninus incites a revolt against Emperor Domitian (it is suppressed by January 24).^[13]
• Legio XIII Gemina is transferred to Dacia, to help in the war against King Decebalus.
• Aquincum (old Budapest, Óbuda) is founded (approximate date).

Asia

• First year of Yongyuan era of the Chinese Han Dynasty.
• Han Chinese army under Dou Xian, allied with the southern Xiongnu
  , is victorious over the Northern Xiongnu.

• Polycarpus I, Greek bishop of Byzantium, dies after a 20-year reign and is succeeded by Plutarch.
• The Gospel of Matthew is published in Syria or Phoenicia, by a converted Jewish scholar.^{[citation needed]}

Significant people

• Roman Emperor (AD 79–81
  )
• Roman Emperor (AD 81–96
  )

AD 80

• Aspasius, Greek philosopher and writer (approximate date)
• Aśvaghoṣa, Indian philosopher and poet (d. c. 150)^[14]
• Yin, Chinese empress of the Han Dynasty (d. 103)

AD 81

• Deng Sui, Chinese empress of the Han Dynasty (d. 121)

AD 82

• Wang Fu, Chinese historian and philosopher (d. 167)

AD 83

• Vibia Sabina, Roman empress (d. c. 136)

AD 85

• Marcion of Sinope, Greek theologian and founder of Marcionism (d. 160)
• Vibia Matidia (the Younger), Roman noblewoman (approximate date)

AD 86

• September 19 – Antoninus Pius, Roman emperor (d. 161)^[15]

AD 87

• Pothinus, bishop of Lyon (approximate date)
• Rupilia Faustina
  , Roman noblewoman (approximate date)

AD 89

• Sindae, Korean ruler of Goguryeo (d. 179)

Deaths

AD 80

• Kujula Kadphises, Kushan prince (approximate date)
• Lucius Vipstanus Messalla, Roman politician
• Philip the Apostle, Christian apostle and martyr
• Talhae of Silla, Korean ruler of Silla^[4]
• Vologases II, king of the Parthian Empire
• Zhao Xi, Chinese politician (b. AD 4)

AD 81

• September 13 – Titus, Roman emperor (b. AD 39)^[16]
• Artabanus III, king of the Parthian Empire

AD 82

• Patriarch of Alexandria

AD 83

• Marcus Pompeius Silvanus, Roman politician
• Pomponia Graecina, Roman noblewoman

AD 84

• Luke the Evangelist, Greek physician and martyr^{[citation needed]}
• Titus Flavius Sabinus, Roman consul married Julia Flavia (executed)^{[citation needed]}

AD 85

• Gaius Oppius Sabinus, Roman politician and governor
• Lucius Mindius, Roman politician and aristocrat
• Titus Atilius Rufus, Roman politician and governor

AD 86

• Cornelius Fuscus, Roman general and praetorian prefect

AD 88

• Dou Gu, Chinese general of the Han dynasty
• Gaius Vettulenus Civica Cerealis, Roman politician
• Han Zhangdi, Chinese emperor of the Han dynasty (b. AD 57)

AD 89

• Lucius Antonius Saturninus, Roman politician and general
• Polycarpus I, Greek bishop of Byzantium

References

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