Côn Sơn Island
8°41′35″N 106°36′34″E / 8.69306°N 106.60944°E
Côn Sơn ([koŋ˧˧ ʂəːŋ˧˧] cong-suhng), also known as Côn Lôn is the largest island of the Côn Đảo archipelago, off the coast of southern Vietnam.[1]
Other names
Its
History
English East India Company period
In 1702, the
Tay Son period
In 1787, through the Treaty of Versailles, Nguyễn Ánh (the future Emperor Gia Long) promised to cede Poulo Condor to the French. In exchange Louis XVI promised to help Nguyễn Ánh to regain the throne, by supplying 1,650 troops (1,200 Kaffir troops, 200 artillery men and 250 black soldiers) on four frigates.[6][7]
French colonial period
In 1861, the French colonial government established Côn Đảo Prison on the island to house political prisoners. In 1954, it was turned over to the South Vietnamese government, who continued to use it for the same purpose. Notable prisoners held at Côn Sơn in the 1930s included Phạm Văn Đồng, Nguyễn An Ninh and Lê Đức Thọ.[1] Not far from the prison is Hàng Dương Cemetery, where some of the prisoners were buried.
Republic of Vietnam
Prison
During the
The prison on Côn Sơn Island was closed in 1975 after the
Loran-C Station Con Son
At the request of
Climate
Climate data for Côn Sơn Island | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 31.6 (88.9) |
31.8 (89.2) |
32.6 (90.7) |
35.1 (95.2) |
35.5 (95.9) |
34.5 (94.1) |
34.0 (93.2) |
33.5 (92.3) |
32.9 (91.2) |
32.5 (90.5) |
32.0 (89.6) |
31.0 (87.8) |
35.5 (95.9) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 27.8 (82.0) |
28.6 (83.5) |
30.2 (86.4) |
31.7 (89.1) |
31.9 (89.4) |
30.9 (87.6) |
30.5 (86.9) |
30.3 (86.5) |
30.2 (86.4) |
29.9 (85.8) |
29.1 (84.4) |
27.9 (82.2) |
29.9 (85.8) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | 25.2 (77.4) |
25.6 (78.1) |
26.7 (80.1) |
28.0 (82.4) |
28.3 (82.9) |
27.9 (82.2) |
27.7 (81.9) |
27.6 (81.7) |
27.3 (81.1) |
26.9 (80.4) |
26.7 (80.1) |
25.7 (78.3) |
27.0 (80.6) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 24.0 (75.2) |
23.9 (75.0) |
24.4 (75.9) |
25.2 (77.4) |
25.2 (77.4) |
25.0 (77.0) |
25.0 (77.0) |
25.0 (77.0) |
24.7 (76.5) |
24.5 (76.1) |
25.0 (77.0) |
24.4 (75.9) |
24.7 (76.5) |
Record low °C (°F) | 17.9 (64.2) |
17.7 (63.9) |
19.0 (66.2) |
19.2 (66.6) |
21.3 (70.3) |
21.5 (70.7) |
20.6 (69.1) |
21.0 (69.8) |
21.4 (70.5) |
21.1 (70.0) |
19.0 (66.2) |
19.7 (67.5) |
17.7 (63.9) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 8 (0.3) |
5 (0.2) |
7 (0.3) |
36 (1.4) |
196 (7.7) |
301 (11.9) |
278 (10.9) |
314 (12.4) |
317 (12.5) |
373 (14.7) |
177 (7.0) |
57 (2.2) |
2,069 (81.5) |
Average precipitation days | 1.1 | 0.4 | 1.2 | 4.8 | 13.2 | 19.0 | 17.9 | 19.1 | 19.1 | 19.3 | 11.2 | 4.3 | 130.6 |
Average relative humidity (%)
|
77.8 | 79.6 | 79.8 | 79.1 | 80.4 | 81.0 | 80.8 | 80.4 | 82.2 | 84.4 | 81.9 | 79.5 | 80.6 |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 211 | 222 | 268 | 270 | 219 | 169 | 181 | 174 | 159 | 156 | 156 | 168 | 2,351 |
Source: Vietnam Institute for Building Science and Technology[16] |
Notes
Citations
- ^ a b c Kelley, p 116
- ^ Sir Henry Yule (ed.), The Book of Ser Marco Polo (London, Murray, 1921), Volume 2, 280–283.
- Sinus Magnus and Cattigaraaccording to Ptolemy), International Geographical Congress, Comptes Rendus du Congrès International de Géographie, Amsterdam, 1938, Leiden, Brill, 1938, tome II, section IV, p.127.
- ^ Soleyman, سلسلة التواريخ / Silsilat at-Tawârîkh / Chaine des Chroniques, p. 21; in Abū Zayd Ḥasan ibn Yazīd Sīrāfī, Relation des Voyages faits par les Arabes et les Persans dans l'Inde et à la Chine dans le IXe siècle de l'ère chrétienne: Texte arabe… traduction française et d'éclaircissements par M. [Joseph Toussaint] Reinaud, Paris, Imprimerie royale, 1845, Tome II.
- ^ Robert J. King, "Pulo Condor, Isles of the Satyrs", Mapping in Action, Canberra, September 2019
- ^ Chapuis, p 175
- ^ Kamm, p 86
- ^ Larzelere, p 193
- ^ a b Scotti, p 91
- ^ Larzelere, p 200
- ^ Scotti, p 94
- ^ Johnson, p 337
- ^ Larzelere, p 203
- ^ Larzelere, p 270
- ^ Larzelere, p 278
- ^ "Vietnam Building Code Natural Physical & Climatic Data for Construction" (PDF) (in Vietnamese). Vietnam Institute for Building Science and Technology. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 July 2018. Retrieved 22 July 2018.
References cited
- Chapuis, Oscar M. (1995). History of Vietnam:From Hong Bang to Tu Duc. Greenwood Press. ISBN 978-0-313-29622-2.
- Johnson, Robert Erwin (1987). Guardians of the Sea: History of the United States Coast Guard, 1915 to the Present. Naval Institute Press, Annapolis. ISBN 978-0-87021-720-3.
- Kamm, Henry (2002). Dragon Ascending. Arcade Books. ISBN 978-1-61145-078-1.
- Kelley, Michael P. (2002). Where We Were in Vietnam. Hellgate Press, Central Point, OR. ISBN 978-1-55571-625-7.
- Larzelere, Alex (1997). The Coast Guard at War, Vietnam, 1965–1975. Naval Institute Press, Annapolis. ISBN 978-1-55750-529-3.
- Perlstein, Rick (2010). Nixonland: The Rise of a President and the Fracturing of America. New York: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-4516-0626-3.
- Scotti, Paul C. (2000). Coast Guard Action in Vietnam:Stories of Those Who Served. Hellgate Press, Central Point, Oregon. ISBN 978-1-55571-528-1.
Further reading
- Brown, Holmes and Don Luce (1973). Hostages of War; Saigon's Political Prisoners. Indochina Mobile Education Project.
- Valentine, Douglas (2000). The Phoenix Program. Backinprint.com. ISBN 978-0-595-00738-7.
External links
- The Con Dao Archipelago Archived 2016-03-03 at the Wayback Machine
- The Tiger Cages of Con Son
- THEN THE AMERICANS CAME – Mrs. Truong My Hoa
- The Kun Lun Shan islands are shown on sheet 11 of the Mao Kun map Wu Bei Zhi at the Library of Congress