Comprehensive Iran Sanctions, Accountability, and Divestment Act of 2010
The Comprehensive Iran Sanctions, Accountability, and Divestment Act of 2010 (
CISADA extended U.S.
Background
While Iran is the fourth largest oil exporter in the world and second in
Besides those companies selling gasoline directly to Iran, IRPSA would target a number of other companies involved in the sector, including those aiding the Iranian refining industry, insurers, and shipping companies.Despite the reliance on foreign suppliers, the
The idea of reducing Iranian gasoline imports as a means of pressuring Iran was examined during the administration of President
Legislative history
A previous iteration of the bill, the Iran Refined Petroleum Sanctions Act of 2009 (IRPSA) was introduced in the
An August 2009 report in The New York Times stated that the proposal to target Iranian gasoline via companies involved had been discussed between Israeli officials and National Security Advisor James L. Jones as well as with allies in Europe.[11]
According to Rep. Berman, he will move the bill forward in October 2009 barring "some compelling evidence" not to do so; House Majority Leader Steny Hoyer has stated that he would then bring it to the House floor.[13]
In the aftermath of the September 25 revelation that Iran had built a secret uranium enrichment facility near Qom, Berman reiterated his commitment to push IRPSA forward in October[14] and wrote an editorial in The Washington Post describing the sanctions and their purpose.[15]
On October 28, the bill was marked up in the
In late November the Obama administration was reported to be preparing new sanctions against Iran, though one official who discussed IRPSA said that "'The problem with congressional measures is you can't turn them on and off as you like. ... We've been having ongoing discussions with the Hill,' to tailor the bills and slow them up."
On January 26, the AFP quoted Senate majority leader Harry Reid as saying that the Senate may find time to take up its version of IRPSA in the coming weeks.[25] Just two days later, Reid brought S. 2799 to the floor for a voice vote, and it was passed.[26] Right before passage Senator John McCain wished to add an amendment to target Iranians accused of human rights abuses, but Reid wanted to avoid a situation where other senators began introducing their own additional amendments. After the intervention of Senator Joe Lieberman, McCain relented with the assurance that his amendment would be included in the conference report.[27]
Letters signed by majorities in both Houses of Congress were to be sent to President Obama on April 19 urging him to quickly implement Congressional sanctions against Iran; the Senate–House conference for IRPSA was scheduled for that week.[28] On April 28 the first conference meeting took place.[29] Due to reported progress on the UN Security Council sanctions track and expectations that the EU would make further decisions on Iran in mid-June, conference co-chairs Berman and Dodd announced on May 25 that they did not intend to pass IRPSA until the second half of June.[30] After a new round of UN sanctions was approved on June 9, Berman reaffirmed his intention to bring IRPSA to a vote before the July 4 recess but after an EU meeting on June 16 and 17.[31]
Supporters and opponents
On September 10 the
A report by
Provisions
Major provisions of H.R. 2194 as summarized by the Congressional Research Service:[41]
- Amends the Iran Sanctions Act of 1996 to direct the President to impose two or more current sanctions under such Act if a person has, with actual knowledge, made an investment of $20 million or more (or any combination of investments of at least $5 million which in the aggregate equals or exceeds $20 million in any 12-month period) that directly and significantly contributed to Iran's ability to develop its petroleum resources.
- Directs the President to impose: (1) sanctions established under this Act (in addition to any current sanctions imposed under the Iran Sanctions Act of 1996) if a person has, with actual knowledge, sold, leased, or provided to Iran any goods, services, technology, information, or support that would allow Iran to maintain or expand its domestic production of refined petroleum resources, including any assistance in refinery construction, modernization, or repair; and (2) sanctions established under this Act if a person has, with actual knowledge, provided Iran with refined petroleum resources or engaged in any activity that could contribute to Iran's ability to import refined petroleum resources, including providing shipping, insurance, or financing services for such activity.
- Establishes additional sanctions prohibiting specified foreign exchange, banking, and property transactions.
See also
- Sanctions against Iran
- Iran and Libya Sanctions Act of 1996
- Iran Freedom and Support Act
- Iran Sanctions Enhancement Act of 2007
- 2007 Gas Rationing Plan in Iran
- United States embargoes
References
- ^ Lake, Eli (2009-04-28). "Senators push for business sanctions". Washington Times. Retrieved 2009-09-10.
- ^ Cornwell, Susan (2010-06-24). "US Congress OKs sanctions on Iran's energy, banks". Reuters. Retrieved 2010-06-24.
- ^ Remarks by the President at Signing of the Iran Sanctions Act, The White House, Office of the Press Secretary, July 1, 2010.
- ^ "Iran faces global push towards more sanctions". Financial Times. 2009-12-15. Retrieved 2009-12-15.
- ^ "FAQS – The Iran Refined Petroleum Sanctions Act" (PDF). AIPAC. May 2009. Retrieved 2009-12-16.
- ^ "Iran Sanctions (Special Series), Part 1: The Nuts and Bolts". Stratfor. 2009-09-23. Retrieved 2009-12-16.
- Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 2010-06-19.
- ^ "Iran Energy Data, Statistics and Analysis". Energy Information Administration. February 2009. Retrieved 2009-09-26.
- ^ "Iran unveils new plan to counter fuel sanctions". Tehran Times. 2009-11-18. Retrieved 2009-11-19.
- ^ Iran Sanctions, Kenneth Katzman, November 9, 2010
- ^ New York Times. Retrieved 2009-09-10.
- ^ "Iran ramps up rhetoric against sanctions". UPI. 2009-05-05. Retrieved 2009-09-10.
- ^ Fingerhut, Eric (2009-09-10). "Berman: Ready to move ahead on Iran sanctions". Jewish Telegraphic Agency. Retrieved 2009-09-10.
- ^ Kampeas, Ron (2009-09-25). "Pelosi, Berman on sanctions after Iran revelations". Jewish Telegraphic Agency. Archived from the original on 2009-09-29. Retrieved 2009-09-26.
- ^ Berman, Howard L. (2009-09-26). "Dealing With Iran's Deception". The Washington Post. Retrieved 2009-09-26.
- ^ Fingerhut, Eric (2009-10-28). "Iran sanctions clears House committee". Jewish Telegraphic Agency. Archived from the original on 2011-07-17. Retrieved 2009-10-29.
- ^ Saine, Cindy (2009-10-29). "Senate Panel Votes To Expand Sanctions Against Iran". Voice of America. Archived from the original on October 31, 2009. Retrieved 2009-10-29.
- ^ "Senators Applaud Unanimous Passage of Iran Sanctions Legislation by Banking Committee". 2009-10-30. Archived from the original on 2009-11-03. Retrieved 2009-11-08.
- ^ Calabresi, Massimo (2009-11-30). "Obama Tries to Increase the Pressure on Iran". Time. Archived from the original on November 4, 2012. Retrieved 2009-11-30.
- ^ Bresnahan, John (2009-12-03). "House to vote on new Iran sanctions". Politico. Retrieved 2009-12-03.
- ^ Rozen, Laura (2009-12-15). "House Iran petroleum sanctions bill passes". Politico. Retrieved 2009-12-15.
- ^ "U.S. House passes Iran gasoline sanctions bill". Reuters. 2009-12-15. Retrieved 2009-12-15.
- ^ "Exclusive: State Department letter to Kerry outlines "serious substantive concerns" with Iran sanctions bill". The Cable. Foreign Policy. 2009-12-11. Retrieved 2009-12-16.
- ^ "Iran sanctions debate moves to the Senate". The Cable. Foreign Policy. 2009-12-16. Retrieved 2009-12-16.
- ^ "US Senate may act on Iran sanctions in 'weeks'". Agence France-Presse. 2010-01-26. Archived from the original on January 24, 2013. Retrieved 2010-01-27.
- ^ Rozen, Laura (2010-01-28). "Senate passes Iran sanctions bill". Politico. Retrieved 2010-02-02.
- ^ Rogin, Josh (2010-01-29). "Iran sanctions bill benefits from Joe-mentum". Foreign Policy. Retrieved 2010-02-07.
- ^ Johnson, Bridget (2010-04-17). "House Iran sanctions letter going to be sent to Obama on Monday". Blog Briefing Room. The Hill. Archived from the original on June 22, 2011. Retrieved 2010-04-19.
- Politico. Retrieved 2010-04-28.
- Politico. Retrieved 2010-05-25.
- ^ Rogin, Josh (2010-06-09). "UN vote paves way for completion of Iran sanctions bill". The Cable. Foreign Policy. Retrieved 2010-06-10.
- ^ "ADL Joins Jewish Leaders in Raising Awareness of Iranian Threat During Daylong Fly-In to Washington, DC (press release)". Anti-Defamation League. 2009-09-10. Archived from the original on 2009-09-14. Retrieved 2009-09-10.
- ^ Harvey Morris (28 February 2010). "US lobbyists push for tough laws on Iran". Financial Times.
- ^ "Take Action". AIPAC. Retrieved 2009-12-06.
- ^ Mullins, Anne Schroeder (2009-12-09). "Spam-a-Lot". Politico. Retrieved 2009-12-09.
- ^ Fingerhut, Eric (2009-12-07). "J Street backs Iran sanctions resolution". Jewish Telegraphic Agency. Archived from the original on 2009-12-12. Retrieved 2009-12-07.
- ^ Rozen, Laura (2009-12-15). "Berman: Iran sanctions bill empowers Obama". Politico. Retrieved 2009-12-15.
- ^ "It's time for U.S. to consider targeting Iran's gas imports". The Washington Post. 2010-02-13. Retrieved 2010-02-13.
- ^ Goldfarb, Michael (2009-12-04). "The Export-Import Bank of the United States Goes to Bat for the Mullahs". The Weekly Standard. Retrieved 2009-12-06.
- ^ Rozen, Laura (2010-01-26). "unilateral, extraterritorial, and overly broad". Politico. Retrieved 2010-01-31.
- ^ "CRS Summary of H.R.2194". The Library of Congress. 2009-04-30. Archived from the original on 2016-01-29. Retrieved 2009-09-26.