Dead or Alive (franchise)
This article may need to be rewritten to comply with Wikipedia's quality standards. (June 2024) |
Dead or Alive | |
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Genre(s) | |
Developer(s) | Team Ninja |
Publisher(s) |
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Creator(s) | Xbox Series X/S |
First release | Dead or Alive November 26, 1996[1] |
Latest release | Dead or Alive 6 March 1, 2019 |
Spin-offs | Dead or Alive Xtreme series |
Dead or Alive (Japanese: デッド オア アライブ, Hepburn: Deddo oa Araibu, abbreviated as DOA) is a media franchise centered on a series of fighting games developed by Team Ninja and published by Tecmo (Koei Tecmo). It is primarily composed of fast-paced fighting games that began with the original Dead or Alive in 1996. The series received universal acclaim with the sequels Dead or Alive 2 in 1999 and Dead or Alive 3 in 2001, which are both considered landmark titles in the fighting genre and gaming. Dead or Alive is the creation of Tomonobu Itagaki, who developed the first four installments but has since left the company and is no longer working on the series, which continues without him.
The series revolves around the events of the Dead or Alive World Combat Championship, an international martial arts tournament where fighters from across the globe participate in for the title of world champion and large cash prizes. The tournaments are held by the Dead or Alive Tournament Executive Committee (DOATEC). The conflict between the ninja competitors and DOATEC's personnel serves as the main focus of the series.
Dead or Alive has been a critical and commercial success, having been well-praised for its impressive
Gameplay
The Dead or Alive series focuses on fast-paced
Attack | DOA | DOA++ | 2 / 2M | 3 | 2U | 4 | O |
D | 5 | 6 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
High P | H | H | F | F | F | H | H | |||
High K | H | |||||||||
Middle P | H | F | F | F | H | H | ||||
Middle K | H | F | F | H | ||||||
Low P | H | H | F | F | F | H | H | |||
Low K | H |
One of the series' most innovative additions to the genre is its countering system, officially known as the "Triangle System". The basic gameplay of the series is based on the Triangle System with three basic actions: Blows, Throws, and Holds; Blows beat Throws, Throws beat Holds, and Holds beat Blows.[5] Beginning with the original Dead or Alive, players could tap the guard button and a direction corresponding with the anticipated attack, which would do a powerful counterattack known as Counter Hold. Counter Holds must be timed correctly and match the direction of the attack being countered. If the attack targets the torso, the player must also take into account whether the attack is a punch or a kick. The input for Holds has changed several times over the course of the series with the latest games adopting a 4-point Hold system, and some games offering the option to change the input type.[6] This countering system further sets Dead or Alive apart as skilled players can identify combo patterns on defense and counter accordingly, which in turn encourages the opponent to adjust their offense on the fly to be less predictable and avoid being countered.[7]
The series uses interactive features that appear in certain fighting arenas, called "Danger Zones". Fighters caught in a Danger Zone will take extra damage, giving the attacker a slight advantage. These environmental hazards can be anything from Falls to Explosives to Breakable Structures. If a fighter has low health, being trapped in a Danger Zone is more likely to knock them out than a normal attack, although in certain titles, elements such as falls cannot do this, and instead just leave the fighter with very low health.
In the first Dead or Alive, stages were simply fighting ring arenas and the Danger Zones were just explosive outer edges of the arena floors. In Dead or Alive 2, stage environments became larger and multi-tiered and the original Danger Zone was replaced with more fully interactive ones such as Falls off the Edge, Walls, Electrically Charged Walls, Explosive Walls, Breakable Walls and Windows. Players are also offered the ability to sidestep into the foreground or background.
Since Dead or Alive 2, the series has implemented its Tag team fighting system, allowing characters to switch back and forth for combo attacks and even attack simultaneously when timed correctly. The Tag Mode also included special throws unique to certain pairs of characters called "Tag Throws", and the mode allows for the participation of four players, something not very common in the fighting game genre. Dead or Alive 3 introduced the "Attack Change" feature in the Tag mechanics where the fighting character can switch places with a partner, in which the character jumping in can then unleash an attack while jumping in. Since Dead or Alive 3, Tag matches can be selected in the other game modes.
Dead or Alive 3 improved upon the gameplay and graphics in superior detail compared to the previous games. The game offered unrestricted 3D-axis movements with better sidestepping, giving players the ability to dodge most attacks with a sidestep. The game added a new feature in its Sparring Mode called "Exercise" also known as "Command Training", an automatic command tutorial that teaches players how to perform attacks. The game expanded on the concept of multi-tiered environments, pushing the range of the stage sizes larger than that of its predecessors.
Dead or Alive 4 introduced the "Bounce Combo" system where players can perform further attacks to opponents who are bouncing off the floor or ground, and can also performed attacks on opponents while they are down. Moving Obstacles were introduced in certain stages as a type of Danger Zone that causes damage to fighters who are hit by them and using a counter hold at the right timing can help players avoid being hit by them. Jumping over non-moving Obstacles and performing flying attacks while jumping over them was also introduced. Dead or Alive: Dimensions utilizes the Nintendo 3DS bottom touchscreen in addition to the normal control system, offering optional touchscreen-based controls by tapping a move set to execute Blow combos, Throws, and Holds. Since Dimensions, the series supports in-game frame data that can be displayed during Training Mode.
Dead or Alive 5 uses a revamped control system and features a more cinematic experience, especially with regards to Danger Zone effects. "Power Blow" is a triggered powerful attack that can enable the player that is low on health to knock the opponent character away in a selected direction, possibly initiating a cinematic quick time event called Cliffhanger. The game's new Critical System features Critical Stuns, Critical Combos, and Critical Bursts.[8] Dead or Alive 5 Ultimate further added the vertical Power Launcher and an extensive Tutorial mode.[9] Dead or Alive 5 Plus for the PlayStation Vita features optional touchscreen-based controls from first-person perspective.[10]
Dead or Alive 6 introduces both the Gauge System and costume customization. The Gauge System consists of the "Break Gauge", which allows numerous special moves to be performed depending on how full the gauge is, such as Fatal Rushes, Side Attacks, Break Holds, and Break Blows.[11] The game also features an enhanced Bounce Combo system that allows players to bound their opponent on the ground for a finisher, with different inputs depending on the character.
The spin-off Xtreme series is mostly based around two-on-two matches of beach volleyball and casino gambling. After the original Dead or Alive Xtreme Beach Volleyball, the available activities have expanded to include the likes of watercraft racing and beach photography,[12] while emphasizing the series' breast physics.[13]
Plot and characters
The Dead or Alive series depicts a collection of skilled martial artists in a worldwide competition named the "Dead or Alive World Combat Championship", or simply "the Dead or Alive tournament". DOATEC (Dead or Alive Tournament Executive Committee), a massive corporation with unknown motives, holds the fighting competition in arenas ranging from the North Pole to the Amazon rain forest.
The fifth game,
Continuing to
History
The series was created by its original director and producer
The sequels,
Before his departure from Team Ninja, Itagaki stated in 2006 that he had a new DOA game planned,[18] but in a 2008 interview he said about the series: "This is another area that my closest colleagues and I all agree that we were able to achieve the definitive fighting game with DOA4. So we're not looking to extend the series at this point."[19] In a released statement on June 3, 2008, Itagaki announced his resignation from Tecmo (July 1, 2008) due to business troubles with then president of Tecmo, Yoshimi Yasuda. Itagaki stated that this would unfortunately lead to the end of production for the game and its series.[20] However, Tecmo replied with the announcement that Team Ninja would not be dissolved upon Itagaki's departure, stating that both the Ninja Gaiden and Dead or Alive franchises would remain in production and that some projects were already underway.[21]
Soon after, Tecmo would merge with fellow video game publisher, Koei, to form Tecmo Koei Games, now known as Koei Tecmo. The role of Team Ninja leader and series producer was taken over by Dead or Alive planner and tester, Yosuke Hayashi, while game designer and planner, Yohei Shimbori, takes over as director of the series. Dead or Alive Paradise was the first DOA console game not developed by the original Team Ninja. Dead or Alive 5 was created in partnership with Sega AM2 of Virtua Fighter fame, featuring several guest characters from that series. Free-to-play versions of the games Dead or Alive 5 and Dead or Alive 6 were release to attract new fans to the series and to introduce more people to the fighting genre, hoping to help to bring back the fighting games' golden era of the 1990s. As of 2019, the series continues more than two decades in, making it one of the longest-running fighting game franchises to still receive new installments. Since 2019, no new games in the series have been released.[22] On March 31, 2021, director Shimbori announced his departure from Team Ninja to pursue other opportunities,[23] while his position of director was taken over by Hayashi. In 2022, Hayashi would step down as Team Ninja head to become the Koei Tecmo entertainment division's general manager,[24] with Fumihiko Yasuda serving as Team Ninja's current head.[25]
Games
Main series
Title | Details |
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Original release date:
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Release years by system: 1996 – |
Notes:
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Original release dates: |
Release years by system: 1999 – Arcade ( |
Notes:
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Original release dates: |
Release years by system: 2001 – Xbox Live
|
Notes:
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Original release dates: |
Release years by system: 2005 – Xbox 360 |
Notes:
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Original release dates: |
Release years by system: 2012 – PlayStation 3, Xbox 360 |
Original release date:
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Release years by system: 2019 – Sega ALLS )
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Notes:
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Updated versions
Title | Details |
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Original release date:
|
Release years by system: 1998 – Arcade (Sony ZN-1) |
Original release date: |
Release years by system: 2000 – Arcade (Sega NAOMI) |
Original release dates: |
Release years by system: 2000 – PlayStation 2 2012 – PlayStation Network |
Notes:
| |
Original release dates: |
Release years by system: 2013 – PlayStation Vita |
Original release dates: |
Release years by system: 2013 – PlayStation 3, Xbox 360, Arcade ( Sega RingEdge 2 )
|
Notes:
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Original release dates: |
Release years by system: 2015 – PlayStation 3, PlayStation 4, Xbox 360, Xbox One, Arcade (Sega RingEdge 2), Microsoft Windows |
Notes:
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Compilations
Title | Details |
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Original release dates: |
Release years by system: 2004 – Xbox 2021 – Xbox Live |
Notes:
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Original release dates: |
Release years by system: 2011 – Nintendo 3DS |
Notes:
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Spin-offs
Title | Details |
---|---|
Original release dates: |
Release years by system: 2003 – Xbox |
Original release dates: |
Release years by system: 2006 – Xbox 360 |
Dead or Alive Online Original release date:[27]
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Release years by system: 2008 – Microsoft Windows |
Notes:
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Girls of DOA BlackJack ~ the Kasumi version ~ Original release date:
|
Release years by system: 2009 – iOS |
Notes: | |
Original release dates: |
Release years by system: 2010 – PlayStation Portable |
Original release date: |
Release years by system: 2016 – PlayStation 4, PlayStation Vita |
Notes:
| |
Dead or Alive 5 Infinite Original release date:
|
Release years by system: 2017 – Android, iOS |
Original release dates: |
Release years by system: 2017 – Microsoft Windows |
Notes:
| |
Original release date: |
Release years by system: 2019 – PlayStation 4, Nintendo Switch |
Cancelled
Title | Details |
---|---|
Dead or Alive: Code Chronos Cancellation date:[34] November 5, 2010 |
Proposed system release: Xbox 360 |
Notes:
|
Related media
Crossovers
Several Dead or Alive characters have made appearances and are referenced in other games.
- Ayane and Kasumi both appear as playable characters in the Ninja Gaidengames.
- Kasumi and Ayane appear as playable characters in the Monster Rancher games.
- Kasumi's signature blue outfit appears as an alternative outfit for the character, Mio Amakura, in Fatal Frame II: Crimson Butterfly.
- The outfits for Kasumi, Ryu Hayabusa, and Ayane, appear as alternative costumes for the characters, Arin, Max, and Kooh, in the Super Swing Golfgames.
- An armor similar to Ryu's outfit makes a cameo in Halo 3 as an unlockable armor set called Hayabusa.
- Ryu, Ayane, and Kasumi make guest appearances in the PlayStation 3 version of Dynasty Warriors: Strikeforce where Ryu and Ayane are NPCs that offers three different quests to the player.
- Kasumi appears as a playable character in Queen's Blade: Spiral Chaos.
- Ryu's and Ayane's costume parts were available as exclusive DLC during the first anniversary promotion campaign for Dynasty Warriors Online.
- Ryu, Kasumi, and Ayane are playable characters in Warriors Orochi 3. They appear in another dimension where they assist the other warriors.
- Ayane appears as a playable character in Fatal Frame: Maiden of Black Water during the post-endgame story.
- Ryu and Ayane appear as playable characters in the Japan-only Dynasty Warriors Vs. (previously known as Dynasty Warriors 3DS).
- Kasumi, Ryu, Ayane, Marie Rose appear in Warriors All-Stars, whereas Kasumi, Honoka, and Marie represent Dead or Alive characters while Ryu and Ayane represent Ninja Gaiden characters.
- Ryu appears as a playable character in Warriors Orochi 4 Ultimate.
- The presumable ancestors of Ryu Hayabusa respectively, Jin and Ren Hayabusa, including the ancient variant of Nyotengu, appear in Nioh 2as secret bosses.
- The outfits, hairstyles, and accessories for Kasumi, Ryu, and Ayane were used in Phantasy Star Online 2.
- Ayane, Marie, Honoka, Kasumi, and Tamaki appear in the Senran Kaguragames.
- Kasumi, Marie Rose, Nyotengu, and Honoka appear in The King of Fighters All Star.
Film adaptation
A feature film titled DOA: Dead or Alive, directed by Corey Yuen and starring Holly Valance, Devon Aoki, Jaime Pressly, Sarah Carter, and Natassia Malthe, was released in the United States on June 15, 2007. In the film, four female fighters are invited to a martial arts contest; they begin as rivals, but work together to uncover the secret that Donovan, the organizer of the tournament, is trying to hide. Not screened in advance for the press,[39] the film received negative reviews and was a flop at the box office.
Reception and legacy
Game | GameRankings | Metacritic |
---|---|---|
Dead or Alive | (PS) 83.92%[40] (SS) 82.00%[41] |
(PS) 84/100[42] |
Dead or Alive 2 | (DC) 91.37%[43] (PS2) 87.38%[44] |
(PS2) 91/100[45] |
Dead or Alive 3 | 86.19%[46] | 87/100[47] |
Dead or Alive 4 | 85.49%[48] | 85/100[49] |
Dead or Alive 5 Dead or Alive 5 Plus Dead or Alive 5 Ultimate Dead or Alive 5 Last Round |
(Vita) 84.50%[50] (X360) 79.45%[51] (PS4) 75.19%[52] (PS3) 74.57%[53] (XONE) 72.40%[54] (PC) 60.50%[55] |
(Vita) 80/100[56] (X360) 76/100[57] (PS3) 74/100[58] (PS4) 74/100[59] (XONE) 69/100[60] (PC) 69/100[61] |
Dead or Alive 6 | (XONE) 80.00%[62] (PC) 75.00%[63] (PS4) 72.13%[64] |
(XONE) 76/100[65] (PC) 73/100[66] (PS4) 72/100[67] |
Dead or Alive Ultimate | 84.14%[68] | 83/100[69] |
Dead or Alive: Dimensions | 82.02%[70] | 79/100[71] |
Dead or Alive Xtreme | 74.24%[73] | 73/100[72] |
Dead or Alive Xtreme 2 | 54.35%[75] | 53/100[74] |
The Dead or Alive games have been mostly well received. The fighting series have received positive reviews, with Dead or Alive 2 having the highest ratings out of the numbered games, and Dead or Alive 5 having the lowest except its Plus version for the Vita. Dead or Alive is considered one of the greatest fighting game franchises of all time. The franchise has received numerous awards and many nominations. Several games in the series have been considered as some of the best fighting games of all time and some of the best video games of all time.[76][77][78][79][80][81][82][83]
The gameplay of the series was well praised for being fast-paced, fluid, aggressive, brutal, and strategic. Its Triangle system was notable for being innovative and unique to the
Other developers and critics have expressed opinions on the series. Sega developer Katagiri, gave praise to the series, stating that "the uniqueness of the defense and offense mechanics and the original elements of things like the danger zone were enjoyable and gave me an overall image that it was 'a series that has evolved in its own way".[92] Namco on the other hand, ran radio commercial ads insulting the series, prompting creator Tomonobu Itagaki to place Namco's Tekken on his dislike list.[93][94] WatchMojo included the franchise in their Top 10 Tournament Fighting Game Franchises, ranking it 8th, calling the series special for its focus on striking characters efficiently and quickly, and performing gravity defying air juggles and combos.[95] Chance Asue of Gaming Illustrated expressed love for the series, stating, "This game, more than any other fighter, feels fun and exciting without having to invest my entire life into analysing it". Asue called Dead or Alive a perfect balance between accessibility and depth, and called the fighting system a beautiful system that you won't find in another game.[96] GameRevolution included it in their Top 10 Fighting Game Franchises of All Time. Jeb Haught of GameRevolution always loved the series and its interactive environments, smashing opponents into environmental hazards for extra damage.[97] Screen Rant included it on their 10 Toughest Fighting Games To Master and Dunia Games ranked it 4th toughest fighting game in their 10 Toughest Fighting Game Franchises of All Time, as both stated how its simple fighting system with a few amount of buttons makes it easy to get into the gameplay, but its additional features such as fast combos, efficient attacks and counter system makes Dead or Alive a fighting game difficult to master.[98][99] Link Cable Gaming.com ranked the franchise in 10th place in their Top 10: Fighting Game Franchises. Gaming.net placed it in 7th place in their 7 Best Fighting Game Franchises of All Time. Play Legit.net included the franchise in their Best Fighting Game Franchises and Stuff.tv included it in 10 of the best fighting games ever.
Sales
By July 2013, the DOA series has shipped over 8.6 million units worldwide.[100] As of July 2016, the series had sold over 9.7 million units worldwide,[2] with Dead or Alive 3 as the best selling title with over 2 million units sold worldwide.[101] As of December 2019, the series sales and free-to-play downloads combined totaled over 23.7 million units.[3][4]
Other media
Several games have made appearances and have been mentioned in other media. In the 2002 film
Fandom
The Dead or Alive fanbase consist of several community sites and groups: Free Step Dodge, DOAWorld, TKPlayers, Competitive Dead or Alive Group/FB, and Dead or Alive Group/FB.[107] Between 2015 and 2019, Team Ninja held annual Dead or Alive Festival events where fans could compete in fighting game tournaments, along with cosplay, photo and illustration contests, and could either win or purchase merchandise of the series.[108][109][110][111][112][113] Team Ninja would also hold costume design contests where various fan-made costume illustrations for specific characters were submitted to the producers and the winners would have their costume designs featured in the games.[114][115] Several fans and players of the series, Emmanuel Rodriguez (MASTER),[116] Kat Gunn (Mystik),[117] Vanessa Arteaga (Vanessa),[118] and Adande Thorne (sWooZie),[119] most of whom have competed in the Evolution Championship Series (Evo),[120] World Cyber Games (WCS),[121] and Championship Gaming Series (CGS) esport leagues,[90] have credited Dead or Alive for launching their careers in the gaming industry.[116][118]
In October 2007, a fan-made
References
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Holds are the exact reason that playing randomly is so important. If an opponent is skilled enough to pick out a pattern then they know exactly what hold to throw up against an incoming attack. It is very easy to use holds to punish players with little skill. Unpredictability is the player's best friend, and keeping an eye out for a chance to hold can turn the tides of almost any battle.
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Dead or Alive isn't quite that dormant, with Dead or Alive 6 releasing in 2019, but it received a muted response from fans. We haven't heard much about the series since.
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{{cite journal}}
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