FeliCa
FeliCa is a contactless
Technology
FeliCa's encryption key is dynamically generated each time mutual authentication is performed, preventing fraud such as impersonation.
FeliCa is externally powered, i.e. it does not need a battery to operate. The card uses power supplied from the special FeliCa card reader when the card comes in range. When the data transfer is complete, the reader will stop the supply of power.
FeliCa was proposed for
FeliCa complies with JIS: X6319-4: Specification of implementation for integrated circuit(s) cards - Part 4: High speed proximity cards. The standard is regulated by JICSAP (Japan IC Card System Application Council).
The UK IT security evaluation and certification scheme provides more detail as to the internal architecture of the FeliCa card (RC-S860). FeliCa IC card (hardware) and its operating system has obtained ISO15408 Evaluation Assurance Level 4 (EAL4), a standard which indicates the security level of information technology and consumer products.
FeliCa is also included as a condition of the NFC Forum Specification Compliance.[2]
A new version of FeliCa IC chip was announced in June 2011 and had enhanced security adopting the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) encryption.[3] Sony claimed the next generation chip would have a higher performance, reliability and lower power consumption.[4] The newest generation of the technology was announced by Sony in 2020, which introduced higher levels of encryption and additional security options to meet market needs.[5]
Reliability
FeliCa supports simultaneous access of up to 8 blocks (1 block is 16 octets). If an IC card is moved outside of the power-supplied area during the session, the FeliCa card automatically discards incomplete data to restore the previous state.
Mobile FeliCa
Mobile FeliCa is a modification of FeliCa for use in mobile phones by
The
On September 7, 2016, Apple announced
On October 9, 2018, Google announced that its latest Pixel device, the Pixel 3, would support FeliCa in models purchased in Japan. This feature enables support for WAON, Suica, and various other FeliCa-based services through Google Pay and the Osaifu-Keitai system. Successor models including the 3a and 4 have the same support of Mobile Felica in Japan-sold models.
Consumer reader/writer devices
Sony has built a FeliCa reader/writer known as "FeliCa Port" into their
An external USB FeliCa PC reader/writer has been released as well, called
The Sony PaSoRi Reader is not compatible with the new ez-link cards.[10]
Card usage
- United States University Campuses (in collaboration with Blackboard Inc.)[11]
- Octopus cards, Hong Kong
- Shenzhen TransCard, Shenzhen, China (defunct; however, Hu Tong Xing uses FeliCa[12][circular reference])
- Chang'An Card, Xi'an, China
- Pay Easy, Chong Qing, China
- Unified Automatic Fare Collection Scheme completed by Q4 2009, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
- )
- Airport Rail Link (Bangkok), Bangkok, Thailand
- Bangladesh:
- Rapid Pass, a multipurpose payment card for public transport.[14]
- SPASS card, Bangladesh Road Transport Corporation, Dhaka, Bangladesh.[14][15]
- Indonesia:
- Multi-Trip Card (KMT), Surakarta-Yogyakarta
- Dompetku D-Tap, Indosat Ooredoo[17]
- Jelajah (e-Ticket), Jakarta MRT
- Jak Lingko, integrated card for Transjakarta, Jakarta MRT, KRL Commuterline Jakarta, Jakarta LRT, and Soekarno–Hatta Airport Rail Link[18]
- Multi-Trip Card (KMT),
- Japan: The system is de facto standard in Japan.
- mobile payment:
- Edy, Rakuten Edy
- iD, NTT Docomo (also deployed to a limited degree in Guam and China)
- Seven & I Holdings Co.
- Osaifu Keitai
- QUICPay, Japan Credit Bureau
- AEON Group
- Public transportationpayment: (Some can be used as electronic money as well.)
- Major cards:
- Hayakaken, Fukuoka City Subway
- ICOCA, JR West
- Kitaca, JR Hokkaidō
- Manaca, Meitetsu, public transportation in Tōkai region (includes Nagoya)
- nimoca, railways and buses in Kyushu
- PASMO, railways and buses in Kantō region (includes Tokyo)
- PiTaPa, railways and buses in Kansai region
- SUGOCA, JR Kyūshū
- Suica, JR East
- TOICA, JR Central
- See the table below for other cards.
- Major cards:
Integrated services in Japan
As FeliCa is the de facto smart card ticketing system standard in Japan, many of these cards have integrated services. A particular region/operator may accept multiple cards.
The table below shows the integrated services FeliCa cards have for each Japanese region.
- A: The area accepts all functions of the card, including electronic money function. (There may be subtle differences between each area.)
- B: The area accepts basic functions of the card, but not some functions such as electronic money or auto recharging.
- A: The area will introduce the new card in the future.
- F: The area will accept the card in future.
Area | Operator 1 | Suica | PASMO
|
ICOCA | PiTaPa | TOICA | SUGOCA | Others | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Kitami |
Hokkaidō Kitami Bus [ja] | A (Bus Card [ja]) | |||||||
Sapporo |
JR Hokkaidō | B | A (Kitaca) | ||||||
Sapporo CTB | A (SAPICA) | ||||||||
Sendai | JR East | A | A | B | F | B | A | A (Kitaca) | |
Niigata | A (Kitaca) | ||||||||
Niigata Kotsu | A (RYUTO) | ||||||||
Toyama | Toyama Light Rail |
A (passca) | |||||||
Ishikawa | Hokuriku Railroad | A (ICa) | |||||||
Greater Tokyo Area | JR East | A | A | B | F | B | A | A (Kitaca) | |
Private operators | |||||||||
Tōkyū Setagaya Line |
B | B | A (Setamaru [ja]) | ||||||
Yamanashi | Yamanashi Kōtsū |
A (Bus IC Card [ja]) | |||||||
Shizuoka | Shizutetsu Group |
B | A | A (LuLuCa) | |||||
Entetsu Group |
A ( NicePass )
| ||||||||
JR Central | B | B | A | B | |||||
Greater Nagoya |
|||||||||
Meitetsu, TBC Nagoya, Toyotetsu |
F | F | A (Manaca) | ||||||
Kintetsu | F | B | A | ||||||
Area | Operator 1 | Suica | PASMO
|
ICOCA | PiTaPa | TOICA | SUGOCA | Others | |
Osaka-Kobe-Kyoto |
JR West | B | A | B | B | B | |||
Private operators | F | B | A | ||||||
Nara Kōtsū [ja] | A (CI-CA [ja]) | ||||||||
Itami CTB [ja] | A (Itappy [ja]) | ||||||||
Shinki Bus | A (NicoPa [ja]) | ||||||||
Okayama | |||||||||
Private operators | A (Hareca) | ||||||||
JR West | B | A | B | B | B | ||||
Hiroshima | |||||||||
Private operators | B | A (PASPY) | |||||||
Kagawa | Kotoden Group | A (IruCa) | |||||||
Ehime | Iyo Railway |
A (IC e-card) | |||||||
Fukuoka | Nishitetsu | A | A | A (nimoca) | A (Hayakaken)[19] | ||||
JR Kyūshū | B | B | B (nimoca) | ||||||
Fukuoka CTB | |||||||||
Kitakyūshū CTB [ja] | A (Himawari Bus Card) | ||||||||
Nagasaki | Private operators | A (Nagasaki Smart Card) | |||||||
Oita |
Oita Bus [ja], Oita Kōtsū [ja], Kamenoi Bus [ja] | A | A | A (Mejiron nimoca) | |||||
Miyazaki | Miyazaki Kōtsū [ja] | A (Miyakō Busca [ja]) | |||||||
Kagoshima | Kagoshima CTB | A (RapiCa) | A (Iwasaki IC Card [ja]) | ||||||
Iwasaki Group | |||||||||
Area | Operator | Suica | PASMO
|
ICOCA | PiTaPa | TOICA | SUGOCA | Others |
- A few cards can be used as electronic money in some unmarked areas.
- 1: In many cases, there are multiple operators accepting the same card in the same area. See each card article for the full listing.
Notes
- ^ Sony Global – FeliCa
- ^ Frequently Asked Questions Archived 2011-05-27 at the Wayback Machine. NFC Forum. Retrieved on 2013-08-16.
- ^ Sony to launch next generation FeliCa contactless IC chip ‹ Japan Today: Japan News and Discussion. Japantoday.com (2011-06-22). Retrieved on 2013-08-16.
- ^ Sony Global - Sony to launch next generation FeliCa contactless IC chip. sony.net. Retrieved on 2013-08-16.
- ^ Sony Corporation - Sony to launch next-generation FeliCa contactless IC chip. sony.net. Retrieved on 2022-06-23.
- ^ "Apple Pay". Retrieved 2016-09-07.
- ^ "Using Suica on iPhone or Apple Watch in Japan". Apple Inc. Retrieved 2017-07-27.
- ^ "Apple Pay Getting Started". Retrieved 2016-09-07.
- ^ "iPhone X Keynote: Global FeliCa and Why It's Important". 12 September 2017. Retrieved 2017-09-18.
- ^ EZ-Link Pte Ltd. "EZ-Online". EZ-Link. Archived from the original on 29 January 2013. Retrieved 23 July 2014.
- ^ About Bb | Press Releases. Blackboard. Retrieved on 2013-08-16.
- ^ zh:深圳通
- ^ "Mass EZ-Link card replacement begins" (Press release). EZ-Link. 2009.
- ^ a b "Project for Establishment of Clearing House for Integrating Transport Ticketing System in Dhaka City Area: Project Final Report" (PDF). Japan International Cooperation Agency. August 2018. Retrieved 14 March 2024.
- ^ "SPass". SPass. Archived from the original on 13 February 2010.
- ^ PT KAI COMMUTER JABODETABEK COOPERATES WITH SONY FELICA TO IMPROVE JAKARTA COMMUTER TRAINS’ E-TICKETING SYSTEM Archived 2015-02-06 at the Wayback Machine. KAI Commuter Jabodetabek. Retrieved 2015-02-06.
- ^ Indosat Ooredoo Launches "D-Tap" Indosat Ooredoo. Retrieved 2015-08-13)
- ^ Lesmana, Hendro (13 January 2022). "Kartu Multi Trip Commuter Line Resmi Bisa Digunakan di Seluruh Transportasi Jakarta". Cakruk. Retrieved 20 January 2022.
- ^ nimoca Archived 2010-07-06 at the Wayback Machine. Nimoca.jp. Retrieved on 2013-08-16.