Indian Air Force
Indian Air Force | |
---|---|
Founded | 26 January 1950 8 October 1932Royal Indian Air Force) (as | (as current service)
Country | India |
Type | Air force |
Role | Aerial warfare |
Size | 170,576 active personnel[1] 140,000 reserve personnel[2] Approx 1926+ aircraft[3][4] |
Part of | Indian Armed Forces |
Headquarters | Integrated Defence Headquarters, Ministry of Defence, New Delhi |
Motto(s) | Nabhaḥ Spr̥śaṁ Dīptam (ISO) transl. "Glory that touches the sky"[5][6][7] (Taken from Bhagavad Gita)[8] |
Colours | |
March |
|
Anniversaries | 8 October (Air Force Day)[9][10] |
Engagements | Notable operations
|
Website | indianairforce |
Commanders | |
Commander-in-Chief | President Droupadi Murmu |
Chief of Defence Staff (CDS) | General Anil Chauhan |
Chief of the Air Staff (CAS) | Air Chief Marshal Vivek Ram Chaudhari |
Vice Chief of the Air Staff (VCAS) | Air marshal Amar Preet Singh |
Notable commanders |
|
Insignia | |
Il-78 MKI |
The Indian Air Force (IAF) is the air arm of the Indian Armed Forces. Its primary mission is to secure Indian airspace and to conduct aerial warfare during armed conflicts. It was officially established on 8 October 1932 as an auxiliary air force of the British Empire which honoured India's aviation service during World War II with the prefix Royal.[11] After India gained independence from United Kingdom in 1947, the name Royal Indian Air Force was kept and served in the name of the Dominion of India. With the transition to a republic in 1950, the prefix Royal was removed.
Since 1950, the IAF has been involved in
The
Mission
The IAF's mission is defined by the Armed Forces Act of 1947, the Constitution of India, and the Air Force Act of 1950.[17] It decrees that in the aerial battlespace:
Defence of India and every part there of including preparation for defence and all such acts as may be conducive in times of war to its prosecution and after its termination to effective demobilisation.
- The Primary objective of IAF is to defend the nation and its airspace against Air threats in coordination with Army and Navy.[18]
- The secondary purpose is to assist civil power during natural calamities and internal disturbances.
- The IAF provides close air support to the Indian Army troops in the battlefield and also provides strategic and tactical airlift capabilities.
- IAF also provides strategic air lift or secondary Airlift for the Indian Army.
- The IAF also operates the Integrated Space Cell together with the other two branches of the Indian Armed Forces, the Department of Space and the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO).
- Rescue of civilians during natural disasters
- Evacuation of Indian nationals from foreign countries in case of instability or other problems
In practice, this is taken as a directive meaning the IAF bears the responsibility of safeguarding Indian airspace and thus furthering national interests in conjunction with the other branches of the armed forces. The IAF provides close air support to the
The Indian Air Force, with highly trained crews, pilots, and access to modern military assets provides India with the capacity to provide rapid response evacuation, search-and-rescue (SAR) operations, and delivery of relief supplies to affected areas via cargo aircraft.[21] The IAF provided extensive assistance to relief operations during natural calamities such as the Gujarat cyclone in 1998, the tsunami in 2004, and North India floods in 2013.[21] The IAF has also undertaken relief missions such as Operation Rainbow in Sri Lanka.[21]
History
Formation and early pilots
The Indian Air Force was established on 8 October 1932 in
World War II (1939–1945)
During
The IAF was mainly involved in
In addition to the IAF, many native Indians and some 200 Indians resident in Britain volunteered to join the
During the war, the IAF experienced a phase of steady expansion. New aircraft added to the fleet included the US-built Vultee Vengeance, Douglas Dakota, the British Hawker Hurricane, Supermarine Spitfire, and Westland Lysander.
In recognition of the valiant service by the IAF,
First years of independence (1947–1950)
After it became independent from the British Empire in 1947, British India was partitioned into the new states of the Dominion of India and the Dominion of Pakistan. Along the lines of the geographical partition, the assets of the air force were divided between the new countries. India's air force retained the name of the Royal Indian Air Force, but three of the ten operational squadrons and facilities, located within the borders of Pakistan, were transferred to the Royal Pakistan Air Force.[29] The RIAF Roundel was changed to an interim 'Chakra' roundel derived from the Ashoka Chakra.[16]
Around the same time,
When India became a republic in 1950, the prefix 'Royal' was dropped from the Indian Air Force.[34] At the same time, the current IAF roundel was adopted.[16]
Congo crisis and Annexation of Goa (1960–1961)
The IAF saw significant conflict in 1960, when Belgium's 75-year rule over Congo ended abruptly, engulfing the nation in widespread violence and rebellion.[35] The IAF activated No. 5 Squadron, equipped with English Electric Canberra, to support the United Nations Operation in the Congo. The squadron started undertaking operational missions in November.[36] The unit remained there until 1966, when the UN mission ended.[36] Operating from Leopoldville and Kamina, the Canberras soon destroyed the rebel Air Force and provided the UN ground forces with its only long-range air support force.[citation needed]
In late 1961, the
Border disputes and changes in the IAF (1962–1971)
In 1962, border disagreements between China and India escalated to a war when China mobilised its troops across the Indian border.[38] During the Sino-Indian War, India's military planners failed to deploy and effectively use the IAF against the invading Chinese forces. This resulted in India losing a significant amount of advantage to the Chinese; especially in Jammu and Kashmir.[38]
On 24 April 1965, an Indian Ouragan strayed over the Pakistani border and was forced to land by a Pakistani Lockheed F-104 Starfighter, the pilot was returned to India; however, the captured aircraft would be kept by the Pakistan Air Force(PAF) and ended up being displayed at the PAF museum in Peshawar.[39]
Three years after the Sino-Indian conflict, in 1965, Pakistan launched
After the 1965 war, the IAF underwent a series of changes to improve its capabilities. In 1966, the
Bangladesh Liberation War (1971)
By late 1971, the intensification of the independence movement in
Within the first two weeks, the IAF had carried out almost 12,000 sorties over East Pakistan and also provided
Incidents before Kargil (1984–1988)
In 1984, India launched
Following the inability to negotiate an end to the
In 1987, the IAF supported the Indian Peace Keeping Force (IPKF) in northern and eastern Sri Lanka in Operation Pawan. About 70,000 sorties were flown by the IAF's transport and helicopter force in support of nearly 100,000 troops and paramilitary forces without a single aircraft lost or mission aborted.[73] IAF An-32s maintained a continuous air link between air bases in South India and Northern Sri Lanka transporting men, equipment, rations and evacuating casualties.[73] Mi-8s supported the ground forces and also provided air transportation to the Sri Lankan civil administration during the elections.[73] Mi-25s of No. 125 Helicopter Unit were utilised to provide suppressive fire against militant strong points and to interdict coastal and clandestine riverine traffic.[73]
On the night of 3 November 1988, the Indian Air Force mounted special operations to airlift a parachute battalion group from
Kargil War (1999)
On 11 May 1999, the Indian Air Force was called in to provide close air support to the Indian Army at the height of the ongoing
On 27 May, the Indian Air Force suffered its first fatality when it lost a
Post Kargil incidents (1999–present)
Since the late 1990s, the Indian Air Force has been modernising its fleet to counter challenges in the new century. The fleet size of the IAF has decreased to 33 squadrons during this period because of the retirement of older aircraft. Still, India maintains the fourth largest air force in the world. The IAF plans to raise its strength to 42 squadrons.[84] Self-reliance is the main aim that is being pursued by the defence research and manufacturing agencies.
On 10 August 1999, IAF
On 2 August 2002, the Indian Air Force bombed Pakistani posts along the Line of Control in the Kel sector, following inputs about Pakistani military buildup near the sector.[88]
On 20 August 2013, the Indian Air Force created a world record by performing the highest landing of a
On 13 July 2014, two
2019 Balakot airstrike
Following heightened tensions between India and Pakistan after the
2019 India–Pakistan standoff
On 27 February 2019, in retaliation for the IAF bombing of an alleged terrorist hideout in Balakot, a group of PAF Mirage-5 and JF-17 fighters allegedly conducted an airstrike against certain ground targets across the Line of Control. They were intercepted by a group of IAF fighters consisting of Su-30MKI and MiG-21 jets. An ensuing dogfight began. According to India, one PAF F-16 was shot down by an IAF MiG-21 piloted by Abhinandan Varthaman, while Pakistan denied use of F-16s in the operation. According to Pakistan, a MiG-21 and a Su30MKI were shot down, while India claims that only the MiG-21 was shot down. Indian officials rejected Pakistani claims of shooting down an Su-30MKI stating that its impossible to hide an aircraft crash as of now in populated area like Kashmir and said its a coverup for the loss of F16.[97][98] While the downed MiG-21's pilot had ejected successfully, he landed in Pakistan-administered Kashmir, and was captured by the Pakistan military. Before his capture he was assaulted by a few locals. After a couple of days of captivity, the captured pilot was released by Pakistan per Third Geneva convention[99] obligations. While Pakistan denied involvement of any of its F-16 aircraft in the strike, the IAF presented remnants of AMRAAM missiles that are only carried by the F-16s within the PAF as proof of their involvement.[100] Unnamed US officials told Foreign Policy magazine in April 2019 that an audit didn't find any Pakistani F-16s missing.[101] However, this was not confirmed by the United States, which cited it as bilateral matter between US and Pakistan.[102] Various international military observers reject Indian claim of shooting down PAF F-16.[103][104][105]
IAF also lost a
Structure
The
Post | Current Holder |
---|---|
Chief of the Air Staff | Air Chief Marshal Vivek Ram Chaudhari, PVSM, AVSM, VM, ADC[109] |
Vice Chief of the Air Staff | Air Marshal Amar Preet Singh, PVSM, AVSM[110] |
Deputy Chief of the Air Staff | Air Marshal Ashutosh Dixit, AVSM, VM, VSM[111] |
Air Officer in Charge of Administration | Air Marshal Rajesh Kumar Anand, VSM[112] |
Air Officer in Charge of Personnel | Air Marshal Sunil Kashinath Vidhate, AVSM, VM[113] |
Air Officer in Charge of Maintenance | Air Marshal Vijay Kumar Garg, AVSM, VSM[114] |
Director General of Air Operations | Air Marshal Surat Singh, AVSM, VM, VSM[115] |
Director General of Inspection and Flight Safety | Air Marshal Markand Ranade, AVSM, VM[116] |
Director General of Medical Services (Air) | Air Marshal Prashant Bharadwaj, AVSM, VSM & Bar,[117] |
In January 2002, the government conferred the rank of Marshal of the Indian Air Force on Arjan Singh making him the first and only Five-star officer with the Indian Air Force and ceremonial chief of the air force.[118]
Commands
The Indian Air Force is divided into five operational and two functional commands. Each Command is headed by an Air Officer Commanding-in-Chief with the rank of Air Marshal. The purpose of an operational command is to conduct military operations using aircraft within its area of responsibility, whereas the responsibility of functional commands is to maintain combat readiness. Aside from the Training Command at Bangalore, the primary flight training is done at the Air Force Academy (located in Hyderabad), followed by operational training at various other schools. Advanced officer training for command positions is also conducted at the Defence Services Staff College; specialised advanced flight training schools are located at Bidar, Karnataka and Hakimpet, Telangana (also the location for helicopter training). Technical schools are found at a number of other locations.[citation needed]
Name | Headquarters | Commander |
---|---|---|
Central Air Command (CAC) | Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh | Air Marshal Ravi Gopal Krishana Kapoor, PVSM, AVSM, VM[119] |
Eastern Air Command (EAC) | Shillong, Meghalaya | Air Marshal Sujeet Pushpakar Dharkar, PVSM, AVSM[120] |
Southern Air Command (SAC) | Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala | Air Marshal Balakrishnan Manikantan, AVSM, VM[121] |
South Western Air Command (SWAC) | Gandhinagar, Gujarat | Air Marshal Narmdeshwar Tiwari, AVSM, VM[122] |
Western Air Command (WAC) | New Delhi | Air Marshal Pankaj Mohan Sinha, PVSM, AVSM, VSM[123] |
Training Command (TC)+ | Bangalore, Karnataka | Air Marshal Nagesh Kapoor, AVSM, VM[124] |
Maintenance Command (MC)+ | Nagpur, Maharashtra | Air Marshal Vijay Kumar Garg, AVSM, VSM[114] |
Note: + = Functional Command
Wings
A
Stations
Within each operational command are anywhere from nine to sixteen
Squadrons and units
Flights
Flights are sub-divisions of squadrons, commanded by a squadron leader. Each flight consists of two sections.[129]
Sections
The smallest unit is the section, led by a flight lieutenant. Each section consists of three aircraft.
Within this formation structure, IAF has several service branches for day-to-day operations. They are:[130]
Flying Branch
|
Technical Branch
|
Ground Branch
|
Garud Commando Force
The Garud commandos are the special forces of the Indian Air Force (IAF). Their tasks include counter-terrorism, hostage rescue, providing security to IAF's vulnerably located assets and various air force-specific special operations. First conceived in 2002, this unit was officially established on February 6, 2004.[131]
All Garuds are volunteers who are imparted a 52-week basic training, which includes a three-month probation followed by special operations training, basic airborne training and other warfare and survival skills. The last phase of basic training sees Garuds been deployed to get combat experience. Advanced training follows, which includes specialised weapons training.[131][132]
The mandated tasks of the Garuds include direct action, special reconnaissance, rescuing downed pilots in hostile territory, establishing airbases in hostile territory and providing air-traffic control to these airbases.
The security of IAF installations and assets are usually performed by the Air Force Police and the Defence Security Corps even though some critical assets are protected by the Garuds.[131]
Integrated Space Cell
An Integrated Space Cell, which will be jointly operated by all the three services of the Indian armed forces, the civilian Department of Space and the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) has been set up to utilise more effectively the country's space-based assets for military purposes.[19][20] This command will leverage space technology including satellites. Unlike an aerospace command, where the air force controls most of its activities, the Integrated Space Cell envisages co-operation and co-ordination between the three services as well as civilian agencies dealing with space.[135]
India currently has 10
Display teams
The Surya Kiran Aerobatic Team (SKAT) (Surya Kiran is
Sarang (Sanskrit for Peacock) is the Helicopter Display Team of the Indian Air Force. The team was formed in October 2003 and their first public performance was at the Asian Aerospace Show, Singapore, 2004.[146] The team flies four HAL Dhruvs[147] painted in red and white with a peacock figure at each side of the fuselage. The team is based at the Sulur Air Force Station, Coimbatore.
Personnel
Over the years reliable sources provided notably divergent estimates of the personnel strength of the Indian Air Force after analysing open-source intelligence. In 2006, Anthony Cordesman estimated that strength to be 170,000 in the International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS) publication "The Asian Conventional Military Balance in 2006".[148] In 2010, James Hackett revised that estimate to an approximate strength of 127,000 active personnel in the IISS publication "Military Balance 2010".[149]
As of 1 July 2017[update], the Indian Air Force has a sanctioned strength of 12,550 officers (12,404 serving with 146 under strength), and 142,529 airmen (127,172 serving with 15,357 under strength).[150][151]
Rank structure
The rank structure of the Indian Air Force is based on that of the
Officers
Anyone holding Indian citizenship can apply to be an officer in the Air Force as long as they satisfy the eligibility criteria. There are four entry points to become an officer. Male applicants, who are between the ages of 161/2 and 19 and have passed high school graduation, can apply at the Intermediate level.
In May 2022 Abhilasha Barak became the first ever woman combat aviator in the Indian Army[158]
Equivalent ranks of Indian military
| ||
---|---|---|
Indian Navy | Indian Army | Indian Air Force |
Commissioned ranks
| ||
Admiral of the fleet |
Field marshal | Marshal of the Indian Air Force |
Admiral | General | Air chief marshal
|
Vice admiral |
Lieutenant general |
Air marshal
|
Rear admiral | Major general | Air vice marshal |
Commodore | Brigadier | Air commodore |
Captain | Colonel | Group captain |
Commander | Lieutenant colonel | Wing commander
|
Lieutenant commander | Major | Squadron leader |
Lieutenant | Captain | Flight lieutenant |
Sub lieutenant |
Lieutenant | Flying officer |
Junior commissioned ranks
| ||
Master chief petty officer 1st class |
Subedar major[Alt 1] |
Master warrant officer
|
Master chief petty officer 2nd class |
Subedar[Alt 2] | Warrant officer |
Chief petty officer |
Naib subedar[Alt 3] |
Junior warrant officer
|
Non-commissioned ranks
| ||
Petty officer | Havildar/Daffadar | Sergeant |
Leading seaman | Lance-Daffadar |
Corporal |
Seaman 1 | Acting Lance-Daffadar |
Leading aircraftsman
|
Seaman 2 | Sepoy/Sowar | Aircraftsman
|
Footnotes
| ||
Rank group | General / flag officers | Senior officers | Junior officers | Officer cadet | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indian Air Force[159] |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Marshal of the Indian Air Force मार्शल ऑफ द इंडियन एयरफोर्स |
Air chief marshal एयर चीफ मार्शल |
Air marshal एयर मार्शल |
Air vice marshal एयर वाइस मार्शल |
Air commodore एयर कमोडोर |
Group captain ग्रुप कैप्टन |
Wing commander विंग कमांडर |
Squadron leader स्क्वाड्रन लीडर |
Flight lieutenant फ्लाइट लैफ्टिनेंट |
Flying officer फ्लाइंग अफसर |
Flight cadet फ्लाइट कैडेट |
Airmen
The duty of an airman is to make sure that all the air and ground operations run smoothly. From operating Air Defence systems to fitting missiles, they are involved in all activities of an air base and give support to various technical and non-technical jobs.
Rank group | Junior commissioned officers | Non commissioned officer | Enlisted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indian Air Force[162] |
No insignia | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Master warrant officer मास्टर वारंट अफसर |
Warrant officer वारंट अफसर |
Junior warrant officer जूनियर वारंट अफसर |
Sergeant सार्जेंट |
Corporal कॉरपोरल |
Leading aircraftsman लीडिंग एयरक्राफ्ट्समैन |
Aircraftsman एयरक्राफ्ट्समैन |
Honorary officers
Sachin Tendulkar was the first sportsperson and the first civilian without an aviation background to be awarded the honorary rank of group captain by the Indian Air Force.[163]
Non combatants enrolled and civilians
Non combatants enrolled (NCs(E)) were established in British India as personal assistants to the officer class, and are equivalent to the orderly or sahayak of the Indian Army.[citation needed]
Almost all the commands have some percentage of civilian strength which are central government employees. These are regular ranks which are prevalent in ministries. They are usually not posted outside their stations and are employed in administrative and non-technical work.[164][165]
Training and education
The Indian Armed Forces have set up numerous military academies across India for training its personnel, such as the
Aircraft inventory
The Indian Air Force has aircraft and equipment of Russian (erstwhile Soviet Union), British, French, Israeli, US and Indian origins with Russian aircraft dominating its inventory. HAL produces some of the Russian and British aircraft in India under licence. The exact number of aircraft in service with the Indian Air Force cannot be determined with precision from open sources. Various reliable sources provide notably divergent estimates for a variety of high-visibility aircraft.[citation needed] Flight International estimates there to be around 1,750 aircraft in service with the IAF,[3] while the International Institute for Strategic Studies provides a similar estimate of 1,850 aircraft.[4] Both sources agree there are approximately 900 combat capable (fighter, attack etc.) aircraft in the IAF.[3][4]
Multi-role fighters and strike aircraft
- Dassault Rafale: the latest addition to India's aircraft arsenal; India has signed a deal for 36 Dassault Rafale multirole fighter aircraft. As of June 2022, 36 Rafale fighters are in service with the Indian Air Force.[166]
- Sukhoi Su-30MKI: the IAF's primary air superiority fighter, with additional air-to-ground (strike) mission capability, is the Sukhoi Su-30MKI. 260 Su-30MKIs are in service.[167]
- Hindi for Hawk), is a dedicated air superiority fighter, constituting the IAF's second line of defence after the Su-30MKI. There are 69 MiG-29s in service, all of which have been recently upgraded to the MiG-29UPG standard, after the decision was made in 2016 to upgrade the remaining 21 MiG-29s to the UPG standard.[168]
- Sanskrit for diamond or thunderbolt) in Indian service. The IAF currently operates 49 Mirage 2000Hs and 8 Mirage 2000 TH all of which are currently being upgraded to the Mirage 2000-5 MK2 standard with Indian specific modifications and 2 Mirage 2000-5 MK2 are in service as of March 2015[update].[169][170] The IAF's Mirage 2000 are scheduled to be phased out by 2030.[171]
- HAL Tejas: IAF MiG-21s are to be replaced by domestically built HAL Tejas.[172][173] The first Tejas IAF unit, No. 45 Squadron IAF Flying Daggers, was formed on 1 July 2016, followed by No. 18 Squadron IAF "Flying Bullets" on 27 May 2020.[174] Initially stationed at Bangalore, the first squadron was then to be transferred to its home base in Sulur, Tamil Nadu.[175] In February 2021, the Indian Air Force ordered 83 Tejas, including 40 Mark 1, 73 single-seat Mark 1As and 10 two-seat Mark 1 trainers.[176] Total 123 ordered.[177]
- SEPECAT Jaguar: the Jaguar, known as the Shamsher, serves as the IAF's primary ground attack force.[178] The IAF currently operates 139 Jaguars.[179] The first batch of DARIN-1 Jaguars are now going through a DARIN-3 upgrade being equipped with EL/M-2052 AESA radars, and an improved jamming suite plus new avionics. These aircraft are scheduled to be phased out by 2030.[171]
- Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21: the MiG-21 serves as an interceptor aircraft in the IAF, which phased out most of its MiG-21s and planned to keep only the 125 aircraft upgraded to the MiG-21 Bison standard.[180] The phase-out date for these interceptors has been postponed several times. Initially set for 2014–2017,[181] it was later postponed to 2019.[182] Current phase-out is scheduled for 2021–2022.[171]
Airborne early warning and control system
The IAF operates three
Aerial refuelling
The IAF currently operates six Ilyushin Il-78MKIs in the aerial refueling (tanker) role.[187][188]
Transport aircraft
For
IAF
The Hawker Siddeley HS 748 once formed the backbone of the IAF's transport fleet, but are now used mainly for training and communication duties.[203] A replacement is under consideration.[204]
Trainer aircraft
The
Helicopters
The
The Mil Mi-8 and the Mil Mi-17, Mi-17 1V and Mi-17V 5 are operated by the IAF for medium lift strategic and utility roles. The Mi-8 is being progressively replaced by the Mi-17 series of helicopters.[218][219] The IAF has ordered 22 Boeing AH-64E Apache attack helicopters, 68 HAL Light Combat Helicopters (LCH), 35 HAL Rudra attack helicopters, 15 CH-47F Chinook heavy lift helicopters and 150 Mi-17V-5s to replace and augment its existing fleet of Mi-8s, Mi-17s, and Mi-24s.[220] The Mil Mi-26 serves as a heavy lift helicopter in the IAF. It can also be used to transport troops or as a flying ambulance. The IAF currently operates three Mi-26s.[221]
The Mil Mi-35 serves primarily as an attack helicopter in the IAF. The Mil Mi-35 can also act as a low-capacity troop transport. The IAF currently operates two squadrons (No. 104 Firebirds and No. 125 Gladiators) of Mi-25/35s.[222]
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles
The IAF currently uses the IAI Searcher II[223] and IAI Heron[224] for reconnaissance and surveillance purposes. The IAI Harpy serves as an Unmanned Combat Aerial Vehicle (UCAV) which is designed to attack radar systems.[225] The IAF also operates the DRDO Lakshya which serves as realistic towed aerial sub-targets for live fire training.[226]
Missile systems
Anti-tank guided missiles
Name | Image | Type | Quantity | Origin | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Spike NLOS | Air launched Anti-tank guided missile | — | Israel | Status: In service. Indian Air Force procured Spike-NLOS for Mi-17 helicopters.[227][228] | |
9M120 Ataka-V (AT-9 Spiral-2) |
— | Russia | Status: In service. Operated from Mil Mi-35[229]
| ||
9K114 Shturm (AT-6 Spiral) |
800 | Russia | Status: In service. Operated from Mil Mi-35[229]
| ||
Dhruvastra | — | India | Status: Completed user trials and Ready for Induction.[230] | ||
Amogha missile | — | India | Status: Under development. To be integrated on HAL Rudra and HAL Prachand.[231][232] |
Ballistic and Cruise missiles
Name | Image | Type | Quantity | Origin | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
BrahMos |
|
Supersonic cruise missile
Air launched cruise missile |
Unknown | India | Status: In service. 290–700 km range. Fastest operational supersonic cruise missile in the world.
Operates air launched and surface launched (transport erector launched) variants. Number of TELs with IAF is unknown. China claim that India have nearly 14,000 BrahMos missiles.[233] |
Pralay | Short-range ballistic missile
Quasi ballistic missile
|
Unknown numbers on order | India | Status: In service. 150–400 km range. | |
Prithvi II
|
Short-range ballistic missile | Unknown | India | Status: In service. 150–350 km range. |
Air Defence Systems
Name | Image | Type | Quantity | Origin | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Anti-Satellite Missile Systems | |||||
Prithvi Defence Vehicle (PDV) Mk-II | Exo-atmospheric Anti-ballistic missile / Anti-satellite weapon | Unknown | India | Status: In service. Dual-stage solid-fueled missile with final kinetic-kill stage. Target speed: 10 km/s. Flight Altitude: 1,200 km[235] | |
Anti-Ballistic Missile Systems | |||||
Prithvi Defence Vehicle (PDV) | Exo-atmospheric Anti-ballistic missile | Unknown | India | Status: In service. Dual-stage solid-fueled missile. Flight Altitude: 150 km.[235] | |
Advanced Air Defence (AAD) | Endo-atmospheric Anti-ballistic missile | Unknown | India | Status: In service.[235] | |
Prithvi Air Defence (PAD) | Exo-atmospheric Anti-ballistic missile | Unknown | India | Status: being replaced by Prithvi Defence Vehicle (PDV). Dual-stage liquid-fueled missile. It can intercept targets at 80 km altitude.[235] | |
Air Defence Systems | |||||
S-400 Triumph | Long-range surface-to-air missile system | 3 regiments
Total 48 launchers |
Russia | Status: In service. 2 more regiments' delivery by 2026.
[236][237] 400 km operational range. Each regiment will have two batteries with eight launchers each.[238] | |
Barak-8 (MR-SAM) | Medium-range surface-to-air missile | 18 squadrons for IAF
5 regiments for Army. |
India | Status: In service. MRSAM is a medium range air defence system with a max range of 70–80 km.[239] It is used to counter aerial threats such as Fighter aircraft, helicopter, UAV etc.[240] An Air Force Squadron consists of 3 TELs per Sqiadron. | |
Akash | 15 squadrons for IAF (120launchers)
2 regiments for Army (48 launchers).[241] |
India | Status: In service. To replace S-125.
Akash 1S has 40 km operational range and flight ceiling of 20 km. 2 regiments of Akash Prime on order for Army.[242] Akash NG with increased range of 70–80 km is being tested.[243] | ||
SPYDER | Short and Medium range surface-to-air missile | 18 Systems[244] (Batteries) in service with IAF | Israel | Status: In service.[245] 18 SPYDER-SRs Systems (Batteries) along with 750 Python-5 surface to air missiles (SAMs) and 750 Derby SAMs has been delivered. 50 km operational range and flight ceiling of 16 km.
A typical battery consists one central command and control unit, six missile firing units, and a resupply vehicle. | |
SAMAR | Short-range Surface-to-air missile | Unknown
(On order)[246] |
India | Status: On order. | |
S-125 (SA-3 Goa) | 25 Squadrons for IAF | Soviet Union | Status: Being replaced by Akash. Mainly used for point-defense of airbases.[241] | ||
9K33 Osa (SA-8 Gecko) | 80 | Soviet Union | Status: In service (To be replaced by QRSAM)[241] | ||
Man-portable air-defense systems | |||||
9K38 Igla (SA-18)
9K338 Igla-S |
Man-portable air-defense system | 2500 | Russia | Status: In service. Additional 24 launchers, 216 missiles Igla-S system inducted.[249][241] |
Future
The number of aircraft in the IAF has been decreasing from the late 1990s due to the retirement of older aircraft and several crashes. To deal with the depletion of force levels, the IAF has started to modernize its fleet. This includes both the upgrade of existing aircraft, equipment and infrastructure as well as induction of new aircraft and equipment, both indigenous and imported. As new aircraft enter service and numbers recover, the IAF plans to have a fleet of 42 squadrons.[250]
Renaming
IAF has sent a proposal to rename itself as Indian Air and Space Force (IASF). It has declared this as a part of its current drive to become a credible space power.[251]
Expected future acquisitions
Single-engined fighter
On 3 January 2017,
In 2018, the defence minister Nirmala Sitharaman gave the go ahead to scale up the manufacturing of Tejas at HAL and also to export Tejas. She is quoted saying "We are not ditching the LCA. We have not gone for anything instead of Tejas. We are very confident that Tejas Mark II will be a big leap forward to fulfil the single engine fighter requirement of the forces.".[255] IAF committed to buy 201 Mark-II variant of the Tejas taking the total order of Tejas to 324.[256] The government also scrapped the plan to import single engine fighters leading to reduction in reliance on imports thereby strengthening the domestic defence industry.[257]
The IAF also submitted a request for information to international suppliers for a stealth unmanned combat air vehicle (UCAV).[258]
Current acquisitions
IAF's current orders include
- HAL Tejas - 73 Mk 1A on order, 17 trainers on order. 97 more cleared for order.[259][260][261]
- HAL HTT-40: 70 on order[262][263]
- HAL Prachand: 66 cleared[264]
- HAL Light Utility Helicopter (LUH): 6 on order[265]
- EADS CASA C-295: 55 on order[266]
- General Atomic MQ-9B Predator: 8 planned[268]
DRDO and HAL projects
Indian defence company
- HAL Tejas Mk 2[172][173]
- HAL AMCA (5th generation aircraft)[269]
- NAL Saras[270]
- HAL HJT-36 Sitara[271][272]
- DRDO Rustom[273]
- TAPAS-BH-201
- DRDO Ghatak UCAV.[274]
- HAL CATS: DRDO and HAL has also engaged in the unmanned combat system. According to this, HAL will develop the whole family of unmanned aircraft by the end of 2024–25[275][276]
- Barak 8.[277]
- DRDO has now successfully developed the nuclear capable Nirbhay cruise missile.[278]
Network-centric warfare
The
See also
- List of Indian Air Force Gallantry Award Winners
- List of Indian Army Gallantry Award Winners
- List of historical aircraft of the Indian Air Force
- Indian Air Force Football Team
Media
In the year 2005, the
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{{cite book}}
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