Jon Corzine
Jon Corzine | |
---|---|
54th Governor of New Jersey | |
In office January 17, 2006 – January 19, 2010 | |
Preceded by | Richard Codey |
Succeeded by | Chris Christie |
Chair of the Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee | |
In office January 3, 2003 – January 3, 2005 | |
Leader | Tom Daschle |
Preceded by | Patty Murray |
Succeeded by | Chuck Schumer |
United States Senator from New Jersey | |
In office January 3, 2001 – January 17, 2006 | |
Preceded by | Frank Lautenberg |
Succeeded by | Bob Menendez |
Personal details | |
Born | Jon Stevens Corzine January 1, 1947 Taylorville, Illinois, U.S. |
Political party | Democratic |
Spouses | Joanne Dougherty
(m. 1969; div. 2003)Sharon Elghanayan (m. 2010) |
Children | 3 |
Relatives | Roy A. Corzine (grandfather) |
Education | University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign (BA) University of Chicago (MBA) |
Signature | |
Military service | |
Allegiance | United States |
Branch/service | United States Marine Corps |
Years of service | 1969–1975 |
Rank | Sergeant |
Unit | Reserves |
Jonathan Stevens "Jon" Corzine (/ˈkɔːrzaɪn/ KOR-zyne; born January 1, 1947) is an American financial executive and retired politician who served as a United States Senator from New Jersey from 2001 to 2006, and the 54th governor of New Jersey from 2006 to 2010. Corzine ran for a second term as governor but lost to Republican Chris Christie. A member of the Democratic Party, he previously worked at Goldman Sachs; after leaving politics, he was CEO of MF Global from 2010 until its collapse in 2011.[1]
Education and early business career
Corzine was born in
His first business experience was in the bond department of
Goldman Sachs
In 1976, Corzine joined Goldman Sachs as a bond trader and then became co-manager of the Fixed Income, Currencies and Commodities Division. He became a partner in 1980, and a member of the management committee in 1984. He served as Goldman Sachs' CFO (1991–1994), and a senior partner (1994–1999). During his leadership, Corzine oversaw the firm's expansion into Asia and was instrumental in leading the transition of the firm from a private partnership to a public company.[12][13][14]
Corzine also chaired a presidential commission on capital budgeting for Bill Clinton[15] and served as Chairman of the United States Department of the Treasury's borrowing committee.[16] As the Goldman Sachs senior partner, he helped develop a private sector plan to rescue the hedge fund Long-Term Capital Management when the leveraged fund's collapse in the fall of 1998 threatened contagion across the U.S. financial system.[17] According to U.S. News & World Report, Corzine did not get along with co-CEO Henry Paulson,[18] who came from the other major area of the bank, investment banking.[19] When Corzine participated in structuring the bailout, Paulson seized control of the firm.[20] When Goldman Sachs went public after Corzine's departure,[18] Corzine made $400 million.[21]
Corzine has participated in meetings of the
Corzine is a member of Kappa Beta Phi.[24]
U.S. Senate
2000 election
After being forced out from Goldman Sachs in January 1999, Corzine campaigned for a New Jersey
He spent more than $62 million of his own money on his campaign, the most expensive Senate campaign in U.S. history – over $33 million of this was spent on the primary election alone, where he defeated former Governor James Florio 58–42%.[21][27][28] Franks had been a last-minute choice because New Jersey Governor Christine Todd Whitman had been expected to run for the Senate.[29] The record $62 million amount surpassed Michael Huffington, who spent nearly $28 million in an unsuccessful 1994 Senate race.[30]
During the campaign, Corzine refused to release his
Corzine campaigned for state government programs including universal health care, universal gun registration, mandatory public preschool, and more taxpayer funding for college education.[21][32] He pushed affirmative action and same-sex marriage.[25] David Brooks opined that Corzine was so liberal that his election, although the fact that his predecessor was also a Democrat, helped push the Senate to the left.[33]
During Corzine's campaign for the
Also in 2000, Corzine denied having made payments to African-American ministers, although the foundation controlled by Jon and Joanne Corzine had paid one influential black church $25,000.[36] Reginald T. Jackson, director of the Black Ministers Council of New Jersey, had campaigned against a form of racial profiling whereby police officers stop minority drivers, and had gotten New Jersey state police superintendent Carl A. Williams fired. Corzine had donated to Jackson prior to getting what appears to be a reciprocal endorsement.[37]
Tenure
Corzine entered Congress in a class of 10 new senators, eight of whom were Democrats. According to U.S. News & World Report, Corzine, Hillary Clinton and Jean Carnahan were the more notable new senators in 2000.[38] During his five-year senatorial career, he was present at 1,503 of 1,673 votes, cosponsored 1,014 bills, sponsored 145 bills (only 11 of which made it out of committee), and had one sponsored bill enacted.[39]
He co-authored the
Corzine was a sponsor of the Start Healthy, Stay Healthy Act. He supported providing a two-year tax break to victims of the
In the aftermath of the September 11, 2001, attacks, Corzine and Peter Fitzgerald attempted to mold a more disciplined bailout of the airline industry, but even the redesigned plan was not entirely satisfactory to Corzine.[50] Corzine opposed the reduction in low-income student eligibility for Pell Grant funding caused by changes in the "expected family contribution".[51][52]
Corzine tried and failed to introduce legislation for chemical plant regulation six weeks after the September 11, 2001 attacks. Subsequent efforts by then-
In 2001, Corzine coauthored (with
While in the Senate, he chaired the
Committee assignments
In the Senate, Corzine was a member of the Committees on
]Campaigns for New Jersey Governor
2005
Corzine and his opponent, Republican
The campaign for the post of
2009
Corzine ran for re-election in the
Governor of New Jersey
Corzine officially declined his $175,000 salary in 2006.[72]
After taking office in January 2006, Corzine's approval numbers were very low. Many polls seemed to indicate that much of this negative polling was a result of the protracted budget battle ahead of the
In conjunction with this fall in approval rating, an initiative to recall the Governor was started for the first and only time ever in New Jersey history. The recall effort failed after gathering less than the required 1.2 million signatures.[75]
Corzine had long insisted that state employees must bear part of the cost of their
As part of his attempt to balance the budget, Corzine decreased funding to most programs and localities including state universities and colleges. The first of these decreases came with the 2007 budget. Rutgers University and other New Jersey state universities raised tuition, cut hundreds of sections of classes, and several sports teams.[77] With the latest decrease in funding for 2009, most state institutions have less funding than they had a decade ago. Despite the $15 million in cuts, Rutgers went ahead with previous agreed upon raises of $15 million to their executive faculty. This resulted in Rutgers making $30 million in cuts.[78]
Corzine has been the only New Jersey governor in recent memory to make any headway in addressing the crisis of municipal funding. While not directly touching the third rail of New Jersey governance – property taxes – Corzine's reform of the school funding formula (passed and signed in January 2008) resulted in significant relief to many New Jersey towns with outsize school costs but limited tax base.[79] The plan survived a legal challenge and was declared constitutional by the New Jersey Supreme Court on May 28, 2009.[80]
Corzine championed expanding government health and education programs. He planned to require every resident to enroll in a health plan and have taxpayers help pick up the tab for all the welfare low- and middle-income residents. In June 2008, state legislators voted for the first phase of that program mandating health care coverage and Corzine signed it into law in July. [citation needed]
Corzine spent some $200,000 of public funds on advertisements to promote a referendum on the 2007 New Jersey ballot to borrow $450 million to fund
Corzine, a
Corzine was one of several United States Governors – including
Corzine was among a group of big (in terms of population) state governors, such as Republican
In November 2008, in response to the ongoing economic downturn, Corzine proposed an economic recovery package consisting of additional massive spending, accelerated capital improvement spending and reforms and cuts to the corporate income tax.[99][100] As of December 2008 many elements of the plan had been approved by the Democrats in the NJ Legislature.[101] On January 2, 2009, Corzine joined the governors of four other states in urging the federal government to provide $1 trillion in aid to the country's 50 state governments to help pay for education, welfare and infrastructure as states struggle with steep budget deficits amid a deepening recession.[102]
Government shutdown
Corzine, in attempting to pass the 2007 fiscal year budget, clashed with a few fellow state Democrats in the New Jersey General Assembly, particularly over the proposed increase of the state's sales tax from 6% to 7%. Corzine said that he would not accept a budget that did not include the sales tax increase. After the legislature failed to pass Corzine's budget by the midnight deadline of July 1, 2006, he signed an executive order[103] that immediately closed down all non-essential state government services, such as road construction projects. Legislators failed to resolve the situation by July 4 and casinos, among other governmentally-regulated industries, closed their doors at 8:00 am on July 5.[104] Corzine called the shutdown "deplorable", though he refused to negotiate with legislators and accept alternate plans that did not increase the sales tax. Some surmised the casino closure was an effort to encourage reluctant South Jersey legislators to break the impasse.[citation needed]
After six days of state government shutdown, Corzine and Assembly Democrats agreed to raise the state sales tax to 7% with half of the 1% increase going to the state budget and the other half going to property tax relief. On July 8, 2006, the $30 billion state budget, with the sales tax agreement, passed both houses and Governor Corzine signed the budget into law ending the budget impasse.[105]
Toll hike plan
Initially, Corzine opposed privatization of the New Jersey Turnpike.[106] On January 8, 2008, to address ongoing structural budget issues, Governor Corzine proposed a four-part proposal including an overall reduction in spending, a constitutional amendment to require more voter approval for state borrowing, an executive order prohibiting the use of one-time revenues to balance the budget and a controversial plan to raise some $38 billion by leasing the Garden State Parkway, the New Jersey Turnpike, and other toll roads for at least 75 years to a new public benefit corporation that could sell bonds secured by future tolls, which it would be allowed to raise by 50% plus inflation every four years beginning in 2010.[107][108] Corzine vowed to get that plan through the state legislature by March, but held off for nearly a month before releasing the details.[109] Upon learning how the plan would work, New Jersey native residents railed against it, comparing it to using one credit card to pay off another, pointing out that it would create hardship for commuters and noting that it would actually increase the state's $32 billion debt.[110][111][112] Corzine later wrote that only after the proposal was released did he discover "the harsh reality: the public intensely disliked the idea" and that, in retrospect, he "should have pressed harder to identify the most salient arguments against the plan and developed a strategy to get in front of and respond to those challenges".[113]
Carla Katz
Corzine, who was running for the United States Senate in the spring of 1999, met Carla Katz, the then married president of Local 1034 of the Communications Workers of America (CWA), in the same apartment building where he resided in Hoboken; the CWA represents the largest number of state workers in New Jersey. As Katz later recalled, Corzine offered her a job on his Senate campaign, but she declined the offer.[114] Corzine and the still married Katz were soon dating, and they began appearing in public as a couple in early 2002, shortly after Corzine's unofficial separation from his wife, Joanne. (The Corzines divorced the following year.) For more than two years Corzine was romantically involved and living with Katz. She lived with him at his apartment building in Hoboken from April 2002 until August 2004.[115]
After Corzine's breakup with Katz, their lawyers negotiated a financial payout in November 2004. According to press accounts, the settlement for Katz exceeded $6 million, including cash (in part used to buy her $1.1 million condominium in Hoboken), a college trust fund to educate her children, a 2005 Volvo sport utility vehicle,[115] and Corzine forgave a $470,000 loan he had made to Katz in 2002 to buy out her ex-husband's share of their home in Alexandria Township.[115][116] Katz enrolled in Seton Hall University School of Law on a full scholarship in 2004. Corzine later acknowledged he had given $15,000 to Katz's brother-in-law, Rocco Riccio, a former state employee who was forced to resign after being accused of examining income tax returns for political purposes. At the time, Katz was president of the CWA Local 1034,[117] which bargains on behalf of many state employees.[118]
In the summer of 2005, when Corzine was running in the
Separately,
Corzine won his case on appeal. On March 18, 2009, the
Appointments
Corzine continued to serve in the U.S. Senate while running for governor, which ensured that he could resign from the Senate and appoint a Democrat as his successor if he won and allowed him to retain his Senate seat if he lost. Speculation was that he would appoint a Democrat from one of the congressional districts in New Jersey, perhaps Congressmen
One of Corzine's first nominations was that of
On February 9, 2006, after many scandals regarding financial mishandling at the
Corzine's commissioner of the Department of Environmental Protection and Chief of Staff, Lisa P. Jackson was nominated as the administrator of the United States Environmental Protection Agency. She was confirmed by the Senate on January 22, 2009.[126]
Motorcade accident
On April 12, 2007, Corzine and 25-year-old aide Samantha Gordon were injured in an automobile accident on the
The New Jersey State Police determined that Corzine's SUV, driven by a state trooper, was traveling in excess of 90 miles per hour (140 km/h) with its emergency lights flashing when the collision occurred.[128] A pickup truck drifted onto the shoulder and swerved back onto the lane, and another pickup truck swerved to avoid the truck and hit the Governor's SUV, causing the SUV to hit the guardrail. The State Police reviewed roadside camera recordings and E-ZPass records to track down the driver of the truck; he was not charged with any violation.[129][130]
Corzine and the trooper were flown by helicopter to
By April 23, 2007, Corzine's doctors had upgraded him from critical to stable condition.
Corzine left the hospital on April 30, 2007.[136] He returned to Drumthwacket, where he recuperated and used a videoconferencing center (installed at his expense) to communicate with legislators.[137] He issued an apology, paid a $46 ticket for not wearing a seat belt,[138] and he appeared in a public service announcement advocating seat belts, which opened with the words "I'm New Jersey Governor Jon Corzine, and I should be dead."[139]
It was reported that Corzine, not taxpayers, would pay his medical bills.[140]
Public opinion
During the first months of his administration, Corzine experienced favorable approval ratings. According to a March 2006 Fairleigh Dickinson PublicMind Poll, 47% of New Jersey voters approved of the job Corzine was doing, while 16% disapproved.[141] Peter Woolley, director of the PublicMind, noted, "the numbers are pretty good for a New Jersey governor heading full tilt into an unprecedented budget crisis."[141] Much of the good will that was indicated by the March poll was quickly diminished, and in April 2006, a PublicMind poll showed that Corzine's approval rating had eroded to 39% while his disapproval rating increased to 36%.[142] By July 2006, the Governor's ratings recovered to some extent from the April decline and in September of the same year it was clear that Corzine's approvals had not suffered from the summer conflict over the budget and the sales tax hike; 51% of New Jersey voters approved of the governor's handling of his job while 31% disapproved.[143] His PublicMind poll ratings remained relatively stable and healthy through the rest of 2006 and 2007 with his average approvals at 54% and his average disapprovals at 29%.[144]
In January 2008, prior to the State of the State address Corzine was at 48% approving 32% disapproving, according to the PublicMind poll.[145] But another FDU PublicMind poll taken in late January, after the State of the State address, showed that governor's ratings were slipping; 41% of voters approved of the job Corzine was doing while 39% reported that they disapproved.[146] The decline was largely in response to the governor's plan to raise tolls on the New Jersey Turnpike and the Garden State Parkway.[147] February 2008 was not any kinder, as a PublicMind poll indicated that his numbers continued to slip with disapprovals catching up to approvals with 42% of voters approving and 43% of voters disapproving.[148] Woolley remarked on the decline saying, "Considering the beating he has taken on his toll plan, it's remarkable that his numbers are not a good deal worse."[148] The governor's approval ratings showed no recovery through September 2008 with his approvals and disapprovals averaging 42% and 43% respectively.[144] Coincident with the presidential campaign, Corzine's approval ratings saw some improvement.[144]
In January 2009 he stood at 46% approving and 40% disapproving. Woolley asserted that the governor was faring relatively well in public opinion considering "the enormous and growing pressure on the state budget and on the governor to protect various constituencies".[149] Come March 2009, the PublicMind Poll found, "Gov. Jon Corzine's standing with the New Jersey public is suffering along with the economy," and as a result his approvals began to slip with 40% of voters approving and 43% disapproving.[150] His approvals continued to decline in April as he contended with the budget and the financial crisis with 40% approving and 49% disapproving.[151] At the end of his term, in January 2010, Corzine's approvals landed at their lowest point during the administration with 33% approving and 58% disapproving.[152]
Philanthropy and academia
Corzine has been active with a number of philanthropic and civic organizations. He currently serves as a member of the International Board of
He currently serves on the board of trustees of the University of Chicago and served as an ex-officio member of the board of trustees of Princeton University.[156][157] Corzine was the J.L. Weinberg Visiting Professor of Public Policy at Princeton in 2010 and 2011.[157] He currently is serving at Fairleigh Dickinson University as chairman of an advisory board that is working to establish a graduate school of public and global affairs.[154] Corzine is also serving as a visiting lecturer on politics and public policy at Farleigh's Wroxton campus in the United Kingdom.[158]
MF Global
Corzine was appointed CEO and Chairman of MF Global, a multinational futures broker and bond dealer, in March 2010.[159]
MF Global's stock price declined two-thirds in the final week of October 2011 and its credit rating was reduced making its debt high-yield debt following huge quarterly losses.[160][failed verification] On October 31, 2011, trading was halted on shares of MF Global prior to the market opening, and soon thereafter MF Global announced that it had declared Chapter 11 bankruptcy. Shortly afterwards, federal regulators began an investigation into hundreds of millions of dollars in missing customer funds.[161] Corzine resigned as CEO on November 4, 2011, after having retained the services of defense attorney Andrew J. Levander.[162] It was reported that Corzine declined a severance package worth $12.1 million.[163] MF Global's collapse was one of the ten biggest bankruptcies in U.S. history.[1]
Corzine was subpoenaed to appear before a House committee on December 8, 2011, to answer questions regarding 1.2 billion dollars of missing money from MF Global client accounts. He testified before the committee, "I simply do not know where the money is, or why the accounts have not been reconciled to date," and that given the number of money transfers in the final days of trading at MF Global, he didn't know specifics of the movement of the funds. He also denied authorizing any misuse of customer funds.[164] In March 2012, Bloomberg reported on a memo produced by congressional investigators that quoted an internal company e-mail relating to a $175 million transfer that was a subject of their investigation. Initial media reports suggested impropriety on Corzine's part, but this was later disproved. According to the New York Times, the employee responsible for the transfer emailed Corzine stating the transfer was a "House Wire", meaning it came from the firm's own account. The instructions Corzine had given were to deal with several overdrafts at JPMorgan Chase, but never related to any specific accounts or specific transfers made. A spokesperson for Corzine responded that Corzine "never directed Ms. O'Brien or anyone else regarding which account should be used to cure the overdrafts, and he never directed that customer funds should be used for that purpose. Nor was he informed that customer funds had been used for that purpose". In fact, as the New York Times reported, Corzine had been given specific assurances that the transfer in question was proper, and that no customer funds had been used. Subsequent court filings also attest to this fact. On November 5, 2013, The New York Times reported that MF Global customers would likely recover 100 percent of their funds. A spokesman for Corzine said "Mr. Corzine is very pleased that all customers will receive a full recovery. This is a great outcome, which has been anticipated for many months." Customers have since received distributions making them whole.[165][166][167]
In June 2013, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) filed civil charges against Corzine for using funds from MF's customer accounts for corporate purposes. "Corzine is charged with one count of failure to segregate and misuse of customer funds and one count of failure to supervise diligently," a news report said. The commission drew on extensive taped Corzine phone conversations in filing the complaint. Corzine's attorney Levander issued a statement contesting the charges when they were filed.[168]
In 2013, Corzine, and managers including Bradley Abelow and Henri Steenkamp, appealed a court ruling relating to repayments to customers of the bankrupt brokerage. A spokesman for Corzine made clear that the appeal was not an attempt to delay payments to customers, but due to a disagreement regarding how those claims would be handled by the trustee after they were paid. Corzine fully supported customers receiving 100 percent of their money and had no desire for this to be delayed. There was nothing preventing the trustee from making full distributions immediately and litigating the appeal after the fact. Ultimately all customers were paid in full.[169][170]
On January 5, 2017, Corzine and the CFTC agreed to a settlement order requiring Corzine to pay a $5 million penalty for his role in MF Global's collapse. Corzine also agreed to be permanently barred from working for a futures commission merchant or registering with the CFTC in any capacity.[171][172]
Electoral history
This section of a biography of a living person does not include any references or sources. (December 2019) |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Jon Corzine | 1,479,988 | 50.1 | ||
Republican | Bob Franks | 1,383,474 | 47.1 |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Jon Corzine | 1,224,551 | 53.5 | ||
Republican | Doug Forrester
|
985,271 | 43.0 |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | Chris Christie | 1,174,445 | 48.5 | ||
Democratic | Jon Corzine (incumbent) | 1,087,731 | 44.9 | ||
Independent
|
Chris Daggett | 139,579 | 5.8 | ||
Republican gain from Democratic | Swing |
Personal life
Corzine married his high school sweetheart,[173] Joanne Dougherty, in 1969 at the age of 22,[4] and their 33-year marriage produced three children – Jennifer, Josh, and Jeffrey. The couple separated in 2002 and were divorced in November 2003. Corzine's younger son Jeffrey died by suicide in Mexico on March 13, 2014 age 31.[174]
Corzine had lived with his wife in Summit, New Jersey.[175] After their separation, Corzine moved to a condominium apartment in Hoboken.[176]
In April 2010,
See also
References
Citations
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- ^ a b Peterson, Iver (April 9, 2000). "Around Jon Corzine's Roots, a Casual Indifference to Ethnicity". The New York Times. Retrieved July 20, 2008.
- ^ The Record (Bergen County).
Taylorville is the sort of town where one faces an early choice between staying or leaving, and Corzine is a dramatic example of the latter. His links to the place have only dwindled further in recent years with the deaths of a close friend and his last local relative, as well as his 2003 divorce from his wife, Joanne, whom he dated at Taylorville High School.
- ^ a b Rhoads, Mark (April 13, 2007). "Gov. Jon Corzine in Critical Condition". Illinois Review (online). Illinois Review. Retrieved November 3, 2007.
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- ^ Richman, Josh. "Self-funded candidates say it's worth every cent" Archived October 14, 2008, at the Wayback Machine, Oakland Tribune, June 5, 2006. Retrieved September 2, 2007. "His [Michael Huffington's] $30 million campaign—including more than three times the previous record for television ad buys—was the costliest in U.S. Senate history until New Jersey Democrat Jon Corzine spent $62.7 million of his own money in 2000."
- Cook Political Report. Archived from the originalon June 11, 2008. Retrieved September 23, 2009.
By the time the June 6 Senate primary in New Jersey rolled around, former Goldman Sachs Co-Chairman Jon Corzine had spent a record shattering $34 million in his successful quest for the Democratic nomination. He defeated former Gov. Jim Florio 58–42 percent
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Sources
- Ingle, Bob (2008). ISBN 0-312-36894-1.
- "Democrats score big". (November 10, 2005). New Straits Times, p. 29.
- Newmarker, Chris (November 5, 2005). "N.J. Governor's Race Hits New Lows". Associated Press.
- "Corzine for a Bruising" May 10, 2006 The Brian Lehrer Show
Further reading
- Koppenheffer, Matt; Reeves, John; McCluskey, Molly; Beyers, Tim; Dumortier, Tim (2012). The Astonishing Collapse of MF Global. Better World Books (Mishawaka, IN). ISBN 978-1-892547-03-3.
External links
- Corzine for Governor official campaign website
- Biography at the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress
- Financial information (federal office) at the Federal Election Commission
- Profile at SourceWatch
- The Deal He Made, Craig Horowitz, New York Magazine, July 10, 2005
- Appearances on C-SPAN