Juba
Juba | |
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UTC+2 (CAT) | |
Climate | Aw |
Juba (/ˈdʒuːbə/)[2] is the capital and largest city of South Sudan. The city is situated on the White Nile and also serves as the capital of the Central Equatoria State. It is the most recently declared national capital and had a population of 525,953 in 2017. It has an area of 52 km2 (20 sq mi), with the metropolitan area covering 336 km2 (130 sq mi).
Juba was established in 1920–21 by the
History
Under the Khedivate of Egypt, Juba served as the southernmost garrison of the Egyptian army, quartering only a handful of soldiers. Disease was common; soldiers often fell ill due to the malaria, meningitis and blackwater fever that was prevalent in the region. Explorers and campaigners Samuel Baker and Florence Baker used the nearby island of Gondokoro as a base during their expeditions to what is now South Sudan and northern Uganda from 1863 to 1865 and 1871 to 1873.[4]
The present city of Juba was established on the site of a small
Greek merchants supplying the British Army played an early and central role in the establishment of Juba in the early 1920s.[14] Their number never exceeded 2,000, but because of their excellent relationship with the native Bari people and the large amount of resulting assistance they received, they built many structures in the downtown Juba Market area as well as in the area that the contemporary British soldiers called the Greek Quarter, which is today the small suburb of Hai Jalaba. Many of these structures are still standing today. Public buildings such as the Ivory Bank, Notos Lounge, the old Sudan Airways Building, Paradise Hotel, and the Nile Commercial Bank and Buffalo Commercial Bank were all built by Greeks. Greek merchants were responsible for the construction of the Central Bank building in the mid-1940s, as well as the Juba Hotel in the mid-1930s.[15]
From the establishment of
Until 1956, Juba was in Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, which was jointly administered by the United Kingdom and the Kingdom of Egypt. In 1955, a mutiny of southern soldiers in Torit sparked the First Sudanese Civil War, which did not end until 1972. During the Second Sudanese Civil War, Juba was a strategic location that was the focus of much fighting.[citation needed]
In 2005, Juba became the interim seat and the capital of the
Juba became the world's newest national capital on 9 July 2011, when South Sudan formally declared its independence from the
On 5 September 2011, the government announced the capital of South Sudan would move some 250 km away from Juba to
In September 2015,
Since the beginning of the
Government
Juba is led by a
In Michael Lado Allah-Jabu was appointed mayor of the city council following the removal of Kalisto Lado by Governor of Central Equatoria Emmanuel Adil Anthony.[22] Allah-Jabu was himself removed by Adil Anthony on 27 June 2023. Following his removal, Emmanuel Khamis was appointed caretaker mayor.[23]
Prior to March 2011, the area now administered by Juba City Council was divided into Juba, Kator, and Muniki payams. It is now a standalone subdivision of Juba County,[21] of which it is the county seat.[24]
Transportation
The city is a river port and the southern terminus of traffic along the Nile (specifically along the Bahr-al-Ghazal portion of the White Nile).[25] Before the civil war, Juba was also a transport hub, with highways connecting it to Kenya, Uganda and the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Since the end of the war Juba has been unable to recover to its pre-war state and is no longer a significant trade city. Roads and the river harbour are no longer in use due to being in disrepair. The
Between 2008 and 2011, the
Demography
In 2005, Juba's population was 163,442. Based on analysis of aerial photos, the best estimate of several donors working in Juba calculated the 2006 population at approximately 250,000. The 5th Sudan Population and Housing Census took place in April/May 2008, stating the population of
Year | Population | |
---|---|---|
1973 (census) | 56,740 | |
1983 (census) | 83,790 | |
1993 (census) | 114,980 | |
2005 (estimate) | 163,440 | |
2006 (estimate) | 250,000 | [34] |
2008 (estimate) | 250,000 | [30] |
2011 (estimate) | 372,410 | |
2014 (estimate) | 492,970 |
Economy
Juba has been described as undergoing an economic boom, especially in the past five years and since independence.[
Roads In Juba
Juba has major roads that go to major towns in South Sudan, such roads include the Juba-Nimule road[39] and the Aggrey Jaden Road.[40] as others are seen on the table below;
Number | Name of Road | Distance | Designated | Completed |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Juba–Nimule Road | 192 kilometres (119 mi) | 2007 | 2012[41] |
2 | Gulu–Nimule Road | 105 kilometres (65 mi) | 2012 | 2015 |
# | Kangi-Bar-Urud Road | 28 kilometres (17 mi) | 2017? | 2017[42] (Expected) |
# | Aggrey Jaden Road (Juba-Yei- Kaya Road) | 243 kilometres (151 mi) | 2022 | 2025 (Expected) |
# | Juba-Torit-Nadapal Highway | 353 kilometers (219miles) | ? | ? |
# | Juba-Bor-Malakal Highway | 500 kilometres (311 mi) | 2020 | 2025 (Expected) |
# | Juba–Terekeka–Rumbek Road | 392 kilometres (244 mi) | 2019 | 2025 (Expected)[43][44] |
Kajo- keji - Juba Road | 156 kilometers (97miles) |
Food in Juba
A variety of foods are eaten in Juba including:
- Kisra: A stable food in South Sudan, Kisra is a type of flatbread made from sorghum flour or maize flour. It is typically served with soup or stew and is prepared by mixing sorghum flour with water to form a thick batter, which is then left to fermented for a few days before being cooked on a hot griddle.[45]
- Bamia: A popular dish in Juba, bamia is a stew made with okra, tomatoes, onions, and meat (usually beef or goat). The okra is sliced and cooked with the other ingredients until tender,resulting in a thick and flavorful stew that is often served with rice or kisra.[46]
- Ful Medames: A traditional breakfast dish in Juba, Ful medames is made from cooked fava beans that are smashed and seasoned with garlic, lemon juice, and olive oil. It is typically served with flatbread or pita.[46][45]
- Asida: A type of porridge made from sorghum flour, Asida is popular dish in Juba that is often served with meat or vegetable stew. The sorghum flour is mixed with water to form a thick paste, which is then cooked until it reaches a smooth and creamy consistency.[46][45]
- Malakwang: A traditional dish in South Sudan, Malakwang is a stew made from leafy greens, peanuts, butter, and meat, (usually goat or beef). The greens are cooked with the other ingredients until tender, resulting in a rich and flavorful stew that is often served with rice or Ugali.
- Ugali: A stable food in many African countries, Ugali is a type of maize porridge that is often served with stews or soups. The maize flour is mixed with water to form a thick paste, which is often cooked until is reaches a smooth and firm consistency. It is typically eaten by hand, using it to scoop up stew or soup.[46]
Education
- The University of Juba was founded in 1975.[47]
- Upper Nile University in Juba
- The Juba Public Peace Library was founded on 1 October 2019.[48][49] The library was donated by The South Sudan Library Foundation and contains over 13,000 books. It was the first public library of South Sudan. The South Sudan Library Foundation was co-founded by Yawusa Kintha and Kevin Lenahan.[49][50]
- Kampala International University[51]
- Catholic University of South Sudan
- Episcopal University of South Sudan
- Starford International University
- Ayii University
Health services
- Juba Teaching Hospital[52]
- Juba Military Referral Hospital
- Al Sabah Children's Hospital
- Nyakurun PHCC[53]
- Munuki PHCC
- Gurei PHCC
Places of worship
Among the
Climate
Juba has a
and as it lies near the equator, temperatures are hot year-round. However, little rain falls from November to March, which is also the time of the year with the hottest maximum temperatures, reaching 38 °C (100 °F) in February. From April to October, more than 100 millimetres (3.9 in) of rain falls per month. The annual total precipitation is nearly 1,000 mm (39 in).Climate data for Juba (1971–2000, extremes 1931–1990) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 42.2 (108.0) |
43.0 (109.4) |
43.6 (110.5) |
42.4 (108.3) |
43.7 (110.7) |
38.5 (101.3) |
37.0 (98.6) |
38.5 (101.3) |
39.0 (102.2) |
39.6 (103.3) |
40.4 (104.7) |
42.8 (109.0) |
43.7 (110.7) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 36.8 (98.2) |
37.9 (100.2) |
37.7 (99.9) |
35.4 (95.7) |
33.5 (92.3) |
32.4 (90.3) |
31.1 (88.0) |
31.6 (88.9) |
33.1 (91.6) |
34.0 (93.2) |
34.7 (94.5) |
35.9 (96.6) |
34.5 (94.1) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | 28.2 (82.8) |
29.3 (84.7) |
29.9 (85.8) |
28.7 (83.7) |
27.6 (81.7) |
26.5 (79.7) |
25.6 (78.1) |
25.5 (77.9) |
26.4 (79.5) |
26.9 (80.4) |
27.4 (81.3) |
27.5 (81.5) |
27.5 (81.4) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 20.1 (68.2) |
21.7 (71.1) |
23.6 (74.5) |
23.4 (74.1) |
22.6 (72.7) |
21.9 (71.4) |
21.1 (70.0) |
21.0 (69.8) |
21.1 (70.0) |
21.3 (70.3) |
20.9 (69.6) |
20.0 (68.0) |
21.6 (70.9) |
Record low °C (°F) | 11.4 (52.5) |
12.2 (54.0) |
16.3 (61.3) |
16.5 (61.7) |
16.8 (62.2) |
14.0 (57.2) |
13.3 (55.9) |
16.0 (60.8) |
15.5 (59.9) |
14.0 (57.2) |
13.2 (55.8) |
13.9 (57.0) |
11.4 (52.5) |
Average rainfall mm (inches) | 5.1 (0.20) |
11.0 (0.43) |
36.7 (1.44) |
111.5 (4.39) |
129.9 (5.11) |
117.8 (4.64) |
144.7 (5.70) |
127.5 (5.02) |
103.7 (4.08) |
114.5 (4.51) |
43.1 (1.70) |
8.2 (0.32) |
953.7 (37.55) |
Average rainy days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 1.4 | 2.0 | 6.6 | 11.6 | 12.4 | 10.3 | 13.0 | 11.5 | 8.6 | 10.4 | 6.5 | 1.9 | 96.2 |
Average relative humidity (%)
|
44 | 42 | 51 | 64 | 73 | 76 | 81 | 80 | 77 | 73 | 69 | 53 | 65 |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 279.0 | 235.2 | 210.8 | 198.0 | 207.7 | 207.0 | 182.9 | 204.6 | 228.0 | 241.8 | 237.0 | 260.4 | 2,692.4 |
Percent possible sunshine | 76 | 67 | 57 | 54 | 62 | 58 | 50 | 57 | 63 | 64 | 68 | 68 | 62 |
Source 1: World Meteorological Organization,[56] | |||||||||||||
Source 2: NOAA (sun and humidity, 1961–1990),[57] Deutscher Wetterdienst (extremes, mean temperatures)[58] |
Notable people
- Aheu Deng, beauty queen and fashion model
- Bangs, rapper and YouTube personality
- Mangok Mathiang (born 1992), Australian-Sudanese basketball player for Hapoel Eilat of the Israeli Basketball Premier League
- Independent Moses Nunuh, first child born in South Sudan after its independence.[59] Like many other children in South Sudan, he died before his first birthday.[60]
See also
- Equatoria
- Gulu-Nimule Road
- Juba Stadium
- Lainya County
- Railway stations in South Sudan
- Anataban Campaign
References
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Independent Moses, like one in 10 babies in South Sudan, had not reached his first birthday, dying of Africa's biggest killer, diarrhoea.
External links
- Fisher, J. 2005, 'Southern Sudan's Front-line Town', BBC News, 20 April 2005.
- Holt, K. 2007, 'In pictures: Juba's Street Struggle', BBC News, 4 January 2007.
- Sudan And Uganda Sign MoU To Develop Infrastructure Archived 2 October 2011 at the Wayback Machine
- 'Gulu-Juba rail link underway'
- World's Newest Nation would Start Almost from Scratch – article & video by McClatchy