Kwangmyŏngsŏng program
Kwangmyŏngsŏng program | |
Chosŏn'gŭl | 광명성 |
---|---|
Hancha | 光明星 |
Revised Romanization | Gwangmyeongseong |
McCune–Reischauer | Kwangmyŏngsŏng |
IPA | [kwaŋ.mjʌŋ.sʌŋ] |
The Kwangmyŏngsŏng program was a class of experimental
Background
According to North Korea Academy of Science's Academician Kwon Tong-hwa, the SLV was developed in the 1980s when late leader Kim Il Sung announced the decision to launch a North Korean satellite.
The decision to send a North Korean satellite was precipitated by the successful launching of
First orbital launch attempt
The official
United States Space Command reported that the satellite failed to reach orbit, and burned up in the atmosphere.[5] The failure is believed to have occurred during the third stage burn.[4]
North Korea's leader Kim Jong Il revealed that the country had spent approximately 200–300 million dollars for the satellite project during a summit with then-South Korean president
Second orbital launch attempt
Kwangmyŏngsŏng-2 was a
Prior to the launch, concern was raised by other nations, particularly the United States, South Korea and
urged restraint.Third launch attempt
Kwangmyŏngsŏng-3 was a polar-orbiting earth observation satellite that North Korea tried to launch 13 April 2012 from the
Fourth launch attempt
On 1 December 2012, the Korean Central News Agency said that the Korean Committee for Space Technology announced that it would launch a second version of Kwangmyongsong-3 to be lifted by a Unha-3 carrier rocket at the Sohae Satellite Launching Station on a launch period between 10 and 22 December 2012.
The launch was carried out on 12 December 2012, at 09:50 local time (00:50 UTC) and the satellite entered polar orbit, as confirmed by monitoring agencies in South Korea and North America with NORAD #39026 and International designator 2012-072A.
Fifth launch attempt
Kwangmyongsong-4 or KMS-4 is an Earth observation satellite launched by North Korea on 7 February 2016.
On 7 February 2016, roughly a month after an
In popular culture
The satellite Kwangmyŏngsŏng-1 has since featured prominently in North Korean festivities and celebrations such as the mass games. Commemorative stamps showing the real shape of the satellite still attached to the spin up solid motor orbital insertion third stage and more than two orbits have also been printed on several occasions.[17][18]
See also
- Dong Fang Hong I
- Iranian Space Agency
- Korean Committee of Space Technology
- Musudan-ri
- Sohae Satellite Launching Station
References
- ^ "KITSAT-OSCAR 23 aka KITSAT-A". AMSAT. 2 January 2002. Archived from the original on 14 September 2008. Retrieved 15 March 2009.
- ^ "KITSAT-OSCAR 25 (KITSAT-2)". AMSAT. 31 May 2003. Archived from the original on 21 January 2009. Retrieved 15 March 2009.
- ^ "Successful launch of first satellite in DPRK". Korean Central News Agency. 4 September 1998. Archived from the original on 12 October 2014. Retrieved 12 January 2014.
- ^ a b Wade, Mark. "Kwangmyongsong 1". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from the original on 25 August 2002. Retrieved 6 April 2009.
- ^ a b "U.S. Calls North Korean Rocket a Failed Satellite". New York Times. 15 September 1998. Retrieved 6 April 2009.
- ^ "TEXT-N.Korea says it successfully launched satellite | Reuters". Uk.reuters.com. 9 February 2009. Retrieved 6 April 2009.
- ^ North Korea space launch 'fails', BBC News, 5 April 2009
- ^ "NORAD and USNORTHCOM monitor North Korean launch". United States Northern Command. 5 April 2009. Archived from the original on 17 October 2012. Retrieved 5 April 2009.
- ^ "Russian space control: DPRK satellite not placed in orbit". Xinhua News Agency. 6 April 2009. Archived from the original on 8 April 2009. Retrieved 6 April 2009.
- REUTERS. Retrieved 8 April 2009.
- ^ "Japan OKs deployment of missile defense system". The Washington Post. Associated Press. 29 March 2009. Retrieved 29 March 2009.[dead link]
- ^ Obama Condemns North Korea Launch, Calls for Nuclear Free World Archived 1 June 2009 at the Wayback Machine, Voice of America, 5 April 2009
- ^ EU condemns launch, China urges calm, Brisbane Times, 5 April 2009
- ^ China urges calm after North Korea rocket launch, Reuters, 5 April 2009
- ^ Russia urges calm after North Korea rocket launch, Reuters, 5 April 2009
- ^ "North Korea fires long-range rocket despite warnings". BBC News. 7 February 2016. Retrieved 8 February 2016.
- ^ "朝鲜6月18日发行胡锦涛、温家宝等中国领导人的邮票". 其乐邮币卡网. 16 June 2004. Archived from the original on 15 May 2008. Retrieved 19 September 2008.
- ^ "北朝鮮のミサイル、テポドン発射記念切手". 三○七商店会. 16 June 2004. Retrieved 19 September 2008.[permanent dead link]
External links
- Kwangmyongsong, Encyclopedia Astronautica
- Nick Hansen (12 September 2012). "North Korea's Satellite Program". 38 North. School of Advanced International Studies. Retrieved 14 November 2012.