Larkhill
Larkhill | |
---|---|
The BCAC hangars at Larkhill, the remains of the first military aerodrome in Britain | |
Location within Wiltshire | |
Population | 2,733 (2021 census)[1] |
OS grid reference | SU132443 |
Civil parish | |
Unitary authority | |
Ceremonial county | |
Region | |
Country | England |
Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
Post town | SALISBURY |
Postcode district | SP4 |
Dialling code | 01980 |
Police | Wiltshire |
Fire | Dorset and Wiltshire |
Ambulance | South Western |
Larkhill is a garrison town in the civil parish of Durrington, Wiltshire, England. It lies about 1+3⁄4 miles (2.8 km) west of the centre of Durrington village and 1+1⁄2 mi (2.4 km) north of the prehistoric monument of Stonehenge. It is about 10 mi (16 km) north of Salisbury.
The settlement has a long association with the
Etymology
Before the military garrison was established the area was known as Lark Hill, part of Durrington Down, owing to it being the highest point in the parish.[3] After the first military buildings were established, it came to be known as Larkhill Camp.[4]
History
Much of Larkhill lies within the
The first modern settlement came in 1899, when a tented camp was established for units training on an area of Salisbury Plain that became known as Larkhill range. Units were accommodated in large official campsite areas whilst training throughout the summer.[6][7] As Larkhill range was designated for artillery practice, many of the units were artillery batteries. In 1914, the first permanent huts were built on the down.[7]
During the
After the war, the garrison became an artillery domain and in 1919 the
The Garrison Church of St Alban the Martyr was built in 1937 and replaced an earlier wooden church.[10][11]
During the Second World War War, the garrison was extended again, although primarily for artillery units. The 21st Independent Parachute Company of the 1st Airborne Division was also formed there.[12]
After the Second World War, many of the hutted buildings were replaced with modern structures. The Royal School of Artillery's garrison was rebuilt and permanently established at the site. The Officers' Mess (built 1936–41, designed by William A Ross, Chief Architect to the War Office) is now a Grade II listed building.[13] A new event was started in 1962 to showcase the military's artillery technology – originally named Larkhill Day, it evolved into Royal Artillery Day in 1970.[14][15]
A primary school opened at Larkhill in 1962.[16]
Military flying
In 1909,
July 1912 saw the first fatal air crash in the RFC. Captain Eustace Loraine and his observer, Staff-Sergeant R.H.V. Wilson, were killed when they crashed west of Stonehenge after flying from Larkhill aerodrome. A memorial was erected near the A303, and moved to a site near the Stonehenge visitors' centre in 2013.[21] The nearby junction of the A360 with the former A344 is known as Airman's Corner or Airman's Cross.[22]
In August 1912, the first
The aerodrome was closed in 1914 and hutted garrisons were built over the airstrip. The original BCAC hangar, the oldest surviving aerodrome building in the UK, is at the corner of Woods Road and Fargo Road. It was given Grade II* listed building status in 2005.[25][26]
Larkhill Garrison
Larkhill Garrison is controlled by
- Royal Artillery Barracks, Larkhill
- Headquarters, Royal Artillery[33][34]
- 221 (Wessex) Battery, Royal Artillery[35]
- Royal Artillery Centre for Personal Development, at Royal Artillery Barracks[36]
- Royal School of Artillery, at Royal Artillery Barracks[37]
- 14th Regiment, Royal Artillery, at Royal Artillery Barracks[38][39]
- Purvis Lines
- 26th Regiment, Royal Artillery[40]
- 19th Regiment, Royal Artillery[41]
- 1st Regiment, Royal Horse Artillery[41]
- Roberts Barracks
- 32nd Regiment, Royal Artillery[42][39]
- Horne Barracks
- 47th Regiment Royal, Royal Artillery[43][39]
- Unknown Barracks
- 175 Investigation Company, Special Investigation Branch, Royal Military Police
- 12 Army Education Centre[44]
In popular culture
The comic book
In May 1965, a scene from the Beatles' feature film Help! was filmed at Knighton Down, near the Larkhill army base. The scene included troops of Royal Artillery.[46]
See also
References
- ^ "Larkhill (built-up area): population statistics, 2021 Census". CityPopulation.de. Retrieved 28 April 2023.
- ^ "Larkhill Overview". Aspire Defence. Retrieved 13 February 2015.
- ^ Crowley 1995, p.175
- ^ Crowley 1995, p.184
- ISBN 1-85074-269-3.
- ^ James 1987, p.123
- ^ a b c d Clarke-Smith 1969
- ^ James 1987, p.125
- ^ Historic England. "Lake Down Airfield (19191)". Research records (formerly PastScape). Retrieved 25 October 2021.
- ^ Historic England. "Church of St Alban the Martyr (1428757)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 29 July 2016.
- ^ "Larkhill Garrison Church". Salisbury Plain Garrison Churches. Retrieved 29 July 2016.
- ^ James 1987, p.140
- ^ Historic England. "Royal Artillery Officers' Mess and Quarters (1428799)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 28 July 2016.
- ^ "The Royal Regiment of Artillery - Aide-Mémoire" (PDF). Retrieved 28 July 2016.
- ^ James 1987, p.139
- ^ "Larkhill Primary School". Wiltshire Community History. Wiltshire Council. Retrieved 29 July 2016.
- ISBN 0-405-03783-X,
- ^ James 1987, p.163
- ^ "Aviation on Salisbury Plain". Archived from the original on 31 May 2009. Retrieved 11 May 2010.
- ^ James 1987, p.165
- ^ Historic England. "Airmen's Cross near Stonehenge (1242829)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 30 July 2016.
- ^ "Airman's Cross". The Times. 23 August 2013. Retrieved 23 May 2020.
- ^ James 1987, p.166
- ^ "Cody's Kites and Flying Machines". Aldershot Military Museum. Hampshire County Council. Archived from the original on 1 February 2009. Retrieved 25 October 2008.
- ^ Prudames, David. "Historic First & Second World War Airfields granted listed status". 24 Hour Museum. Retrieved 25 October 2008.
- ^ Historic England. "Buildings 455 and 456 (Five Aircraft Hangars), Durrington Camp (Grade II*) (1391475)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 1 October 2012.
- ^ "HQ Organisations and functions". MoD. Archived from the original on 26 June 2007. Retrieved 25 October 2008.
- ^ Wynn, Peter. "MOD buys back ABRO site from the Agency". South West RDA. Archived from the original on 23 September 2006. Retrieved 25 October 2008.
- ^ a b "Army Basing Programme for Wiltshire" (PDF). cms.wiltshire.gov.uk. 18 January 2019. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
- ^ "Army Basing Programme, PAC Information Leaflet – Issue 16 October 2019". army.mod.uk. 16 October 2019. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
- ^ "43 Brigade - Organisation & Functions and Future Garrisons". 26 June 2007. Archived from the original on 26 June 2007. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
- ^ "Army Basing Programme, SPTA SFA Information Leaflet – Issue 10 July 2019". army.mod.uk. 10 July 2019. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
- ^ "Larkhill". Aspire Defence Limited. Retrieved 11 July 2020.
- ^ "Royal Artillery". www.army.mod.uk. Retrieved 11 July 2020.
- ^ "Summary of Army 2020 Reserve Structure and Basing Changes" (PDF). www.army.mod.uk. 3 December 2013. Archived (PDF) from the original on 3 December 2013. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
- ^ "Royal Artillery Centre for Personal Development (RACPD)". www.army.mod.uk. Retrieved 11 July 2020.
- ^ "The Royal School of Artillery". www.army.mod.uk. Retrieved 11 July 2020.
- ^ "14 Regiment Royal Artillery". www.army.mod.uk. Retrieved 11 July 2020.
- ^ a b c "Location and Work Force Requirement of British Army Units, By Corps" (PDF). www.parliament.uk. 1 November 2018. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
- ^ "26 Regiment Royal Artillery". www.army.mod.uk. Retrieved 11 July 2020.
- ^ a b "Army 2020" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 June 2014. Retrieved 10 May 2014.
- ^ "32 Regiment Royal Artillery". www.army.mod.uk. Retrieved 11 July 2020.
- ^ "47 Regiment Royal Artillery". www.army.mod.uk. Retrieved 11 July 2020.
- ^ "Local ARMY Individual Education and Resettlement Officers" (PDF). p. 1. Retrieved 24 February 2021.
- ISBN 1-84576-182-0.
- ^ "The Beatles on Salisbury Plain". BBC, Rock 'n' Roll Wiltshire. Retrieved 22 April 2024.
Bibliography
- Crowley, D.A.; Pugh, R.B.; Stevenson, J.H. (1995). A history of Amesbury, Bulford, and Durrington. Trowbridge: ISBN 0-86080-444-5.
- James, N.D.G. (1987). Plain Soldiering. Salisbury: HobNob Press. ISBN 0-946418-03-9.
- Clarke-Smith, E. (1969). "Salisbury Plain: An historical introduction". Drumbeat. Archived from the original on 7 September 2008. Retrieved 25 October 2008.
External links
Media related to Larkhill at Wikimedia Commons
- Durrington Town Council
- Wiltshire Council — Wiltshire Community History – Durrington includes a discussion of Larkhill