List of driverless train systems
Automated track-bound traffic |
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Automatic train operation |
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Lists of automated train systems |
Related topics |
This is a list of
list of semi-automatic train systems
.
Grade-of-Automation 3 systems
These systems are capable of driverless train operation (DTO), although some operators may choose to staff trains anyway.
GoA3 – Americas
Country/region | Name of system | Line | Date | System | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Brazil | Salvador Metro | Line 1 | 2014 | SelTrac[1] | [a] |
Line 2 | 2016 | ||||
São Paulo Metro | Line 3 (Red) | 10 March 1979 | ATO | [b] | |
United States | Walt Disney World Monorail System | 2016 | SelTrac |
GoA3 – Asia
Country/region | Name of system | Line | Date | System | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
China (Mainland) | Beijing Subway | Capital Airport Express | 19 July 2008 | Alstom Urbalis 400 | |
Shanghai Pudong Airport APM | 16 September 2019 | FITSCO JeRail | |||
Shanghai Metro | Line 5 | June 2018 | Thales, Shanghai Electric TSTCBTC2.0 | Initially operated in GoA1 (Manual operation) [c][3] | |
Line 17 | 30 December 2017 | CASCO TRANAVI | [4] | ||
Wuhan Metro | Yangluo line |
26 December 2017 | CASCO | [5] | |
Indonesia | Soekarno–Hatta Airport Skytrain | 2020 | SiLSafe 5000 | [d] | |
Japan | Disney Resort Line | 27 July 2001 | |||
Pakistan | Lahore Metro | Orange Line | 25 October 2020 | CASCO (Alstom) | |
Singapore | Sentosa Express | November 2017 | Hitachi Moving Block Wireless CBTC |
GoA3 – Europe
Country/region | Name of system | Line | Date | System | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hungary | Budapest Metro | Line 2 |
2013 | Siemens Trainguard MT CBTC |
[e] |
Spain | Barcelona Metro | Line 11 | 2009 | Siemens Trainguard MT CBTC |
|
Turkey | Istanbul Metro | Line M11 | 22 January 2023 | Aselsan | [6] |
United Kingdom | Docklands Light Railway | 31 August 1987 | SelTrac | [f] |
Grade-of-Automation 4 systems
These systems are capable of unattended train operation (UTO), although some operators may choose to staff trains anyway.
GoA4 – Americas
Country/region | Name of system | Line | Date | System | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Brazil | Porto Alegre Metro | Metro-Airport Connection | 10 August 2013 | Aeromovel |
|
São Paulo Metro | Line 1 (Blue) | 3 July 2022 | Alstom Urbalis CBTC | [7] | |
Line 2 (Green) | 2 March 2020 | ||||
Line 3 (Red) | December 2022 (Under Conversion) | ||||
Line 4 (Yellow) | 25 May 2010 | Siemens Trainguard MT CBTC |
First completely driverless metro line in Latin America.[8] | ||
Line 5 (Lilac) | 12 March 2017 | Bombardier CITYFLO 650 | [g] | ||
Line 15 (Silver) | 30 August 2014 | Bombardier CITYFLO 650 | |||
Canada | LINK Train |
6 July 2006 | DCC Doppelmayr Cable Car |
||
SkyTrain | Expo Line | 11 December 1985 | SelTrac | The longest driverless network in the Americas, at 79.6 km.[9] | |
Millennium Line | 7 January 2002 | ||||
Canada Line | 17 August 2009 | ||||
REM (Réseau Express Metropolitain) | 31 July 2023 (Partially opened; rest of the line under construction) | Alstom Metropolis | |||
Chile | Santiago Metro | Line 3 | 22 January 2019 | CAF AS-2014 / SelTrac | [10] |
Line 6 | 2 November 2017 | ||||
Mexico | Aerotrén | 2007 | DCC Doppelmayr Cable Car |
||
Peru | Lima Metro |
Line 2 |
21 December 2023 | Ansaldo STS CBTC |
[11] |
United States | AeroTrain |
20 January 2010 | Mitsubishi Crystal Mover[12] / Thales SelTrac[13] | ||
Airport Transit System | 6 May 1993 | VAL system | |||
AirTrain JFK | 17 December 2003 | SelTrac | |||
AirTrain Newark | 31 May 1996 | SelTrac | |||
AirTrain SFO | 24 February 2003 | Bombardier CITYFLO 650 | |||
Aria Express | 1 December 2009 | DCC Doppelmayr Cable Car |
|||
Bay Area Rapid Transit | BART to OAK line |
22 November 2014 | DCC Doppelmayr Cable Car | ||
Cincinnati Airport People Mover | 9 June 1994 | Otis Hovair | |||
Detroit People Mover | 31 July 1987 | SelTrac | |||
DFW Skylink | 21 May 2005 | Bombardier CITYFLO 650 | |||
DIA Automated Guideway Transit | 28 February 1995 | Bombardier CITYFLO 550 | |||
ExpressTram | 24 February 2002 | Otis Hovair | |||
George Bush Intercontinental Airport People Movers | Skyway | 24 May 1999 | Bombardier CITYFLO 550 | ||
Subway | 1969 | WEDway | [h] | ||
Getty Center Tram | 1997 | Otis Hovair | |||
Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport People Movers | The Plane Train | 21 September 1980 | Bombardier CITYFLO 550 | ||
ATL Skytrain |
8 December 2009 | Mitsubishi Crystal Mover[14] / Kyosan[15] | |||
Skyline (Honolulu) | 30 June 2023 | Hitachi Rail Italy Driverless Metro / DTG | [16] | ||
Huntsville Hospital Tram System | 19 June 2002 | Otis Hovair | |||
Jacksonville Skyway | 1989 | SelTrac | |||
Las Vegas Monorail | 2004 | SelTrac | |||
Mandalay Bay Tram | 9 April 1999 | DCC Doppelmayr Cable Car | |||
McCarran International Airport Automated People Movers |
Green Line |
1985 | Bombardier CITYFLO 650 | ||
Blue Line |
1998 | ||||
Red Line |
2012 | ||||
Memphis Suspension Railway | 1982 | ||||
Miami International Airport People Movers | MIA e Train | 1980 | MiniMetro | [i] | |
Skytrain | 15 September 2010 | Mitsubishi Crystal Mover | |||
MIA Mover | 9 September 2011 | ||||
Miami Metromover |
17 April 1986 | Bombardier CITYFLO 550 | |||
Minneapolis–St. Paul Airport Trams | Hub Tram | 3 April 2001 | Otis Hovair | ||
'C' Concourse People Mover | 5 May 2004 | ||||
Morgantown Personal Rapid Transit | 1975 | ||||
Orlando International Airport People Movers | Airside systems | 1981 | Mitsubishi Crystal Mover | ||
Intermodal Terminal system | 2017 | ||||
PHX Sky Train | 8 April 2013 | Bombardier CITYFLO 650 | |||
Pittsburgh International Airport People Mover | 1 October 1992 | Bombardier CITYFLO 650 | |||
Satellite Transit System |
1973 | Bombardier CITYFLO 650 | |||
SMF Automated People Mover | 6 October 2011 | Bombardier CITYFLO 650 | |||
Tampa International Airport People Movers | Airside systems | 1971 | Bombardier CITYFLO 550 | ||
Monorail | 1991 | ||||
SkyConnect | 2018 | Mitsubishi Crystal Mover | |||
Navajo Mine Railroad |
GE E60 electric locomotives | [j] | |||
Venezuela | Cabletren Bolivariano | 14 August 2013 | DCC Doppelmayr Cable Car |
GoA4 – Asia
Country/region | Name of system | Line | Date | System | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
China (Mainland) | Beijing Capital International Airport Terminal 3 People Mover | March 2008 | Bombardier CITYFLO 550 | ||
Beijing Subway | Line 11 | 31 December 2021 | |||
Line 17 | |||||
Line 19 | |||||
Yanfang line | 30 December 2017 | BTCT | [17] | ||
Daxing Airport Express | 26 September 2019 | [18] | |||
Chengdu Metro | Line 9 | 18 December 2020 | Alstom Urbalis 400 | [19] | |
Chongqing Rail Transit | Bishan rubber-tyred tram |
16 April 2021 | BYD SkyShuttle | ||
Fuzhou Metro | Line 4 | 27 August 2023 | |||
Jinan Metro | Line 2 | 26 March 2021 | [20] | ||
Guangzhou Metro | APM Line | 8 November 2010 | Bombardier CITYFLO 650 | ||
Nanjing Metro | Line 7 | 28 December 2022 | Siemens Trainguard MT CBTC | [21][22] | |
Nanning Metro | Line 5 | 16 December 2021 | [23] | ||
Ningbo Rail Transit | Line 5 | 28 December 2021 | [24] | ||
Shanghai Metro | Line 10 | 10 April 2010 | Alstom/CASCO Urbalis 888[25] | Initially operated in GoA2 and GoA3, transitioned to GoA4 in 2020[26] | |
Line 14 | 30 December 2021 | Thales, Shanghai Electric TSTCBTC2.0 | [k][27][3] | ||
Line 15 | 23 January 2021 | Alstom Urbalis 400 | [28] | ||
Line 18 | 26 December 2020 | ||||
Pujiang line | 31 March 2018 | Fitsco JeRail | [29] | ||
Shaoxing Metro | Line 2 | 26 July 2023 | |||
Shenzhen Metro | Line 6 Branch | 28 November 2022 | |||
Line 12 | |||||
Line 14 | 28 October 2022 | BTCT | [30] | ||
Line 16 | 28 December 2022 | CASCO Urbalis 888 | [31] | ||
Line 20 | 28 December 2021 | CASCO TRANAVI Qiji | [32] | ||
Suzhou Rail Transit | Line 5 | 29 June 2021 | Siemens Trainguard MT CBTC | [33] | |
Line 11 | 24 June 2023 | CASCO Urbalis 888 | [31] | ||
Taiyuan Metro | Line 2 | 26 December 2020 | |||
Tianjin Metro | Line 8 | 28 December 2021 | [34] | ||
Line 10 | 18 November 2022 | ||||
Line 11 | 28 December 2023 | ||||
Wuhan Metro | Line 5 | 26 December 2021 | [35] | ||
Line 19 | 30 December 2023 | ||||
Wuhu Rail Transit | Line 1 | 3 November 2021 | |||
Line 2 | 28 December 2021 | ||||
Xi'an Metro | Line 16 | 27 June 2023 | CASCO Urbalis 888 | [36] | |
Xi'an Qujiang Sightseeing Monorail | 16 January 2015 (closed March 2015) 1 May 2023 (re-opening) |
||||
Zhengzhou Metro | Line 10 | 28 September 2023 | |||
Line 12 | 20 December 2023 | [37] | |||
Zhengxu line | 28 December 2023 | ||||
Hong Kong | Hong Kong International Airport Automated People Mover | 6 July 1998 | SelTrac | ||
MTR | Disneyland Resort line | 1 August 2005 | SelTrac | Most trains have an attendant on board | |
South Island line (East) | 28 December 2016 | Alstom Urbalis 400 | All trains have an attendant on board[38] | ||
India | Delhi Metro | Pink Line | 14 March 2018 | Bombardier CITYFLO 650 | 58.59 km (36.41 mi). Initially with an attendant on board[39] |
Magenta Line | 25 December 2017 | Nippon Signal SPARCS | Initially with an attendant on board | ||
Grey Line | 4 October 2019 | Bombardier CITYFLO 650 | |||
Mumbai Metro | Line 2 | 2 April 2022 | |||
Line 7 | |||||
Navi Mumbai Metro | Line 1 | 21 December 2023 | Ansaldo STS CBTC | ||
Indonesia | Jabodebek LRT | LRT Line 1 |
28 August 2023 | Siemens Trainguard MT CBTC | [l][40][41] |
LRT Line 2
| |||||
LRT Line 3
| |||||
Japan | Kanazawa Seaside Line | 5 July 1989 | |||
Kobe New Transit | Port Island Line | 5 February 1981 | World's first GoA4 line | ||
Rokkō Island Line | 21 February 1990 | ||||
Linimo | 6 March 2005 | World's first unmanned maglev | |||
Osaka Metro | Nanko Port Town Line |
20 October 1991 | Previously used GoA2 from 1981 to 1991 | ||
Skyrail Midorizaka Line | 28 August 1998 | People Mover monorail | |||
Tokyo Metropolitan Bureau of Transportation | Nippori-Toneri Liner | 30 March 2008 | |||
Wing Shuttle | 4 September 1994 | ||||
Yurikamome | 1 November 1995 | Mitsubishi Crystal Mover | |||
Macau | Macau Light Rapid Transit | Taipa Line |
10 December 2019 | [42] | |
Malaysia | KLIA Aerotrain | 1998 | Bombardier CITYFLO 550 |
||
Rapid KL | Kelana Jaya Line |
1 September 1998 | SelTrac | The first GoA4 in Malaysia, at 46.4 km (28.8 mi) | |
Kajang Line |
16 December 2016 | Bombardier CITYFLO 650 | The second GoA4, at 47 km (29 mi) | ||
Ampang Line |
2017 | SelTrac | [m] | ||
Sri Petaling Line
| |||||
Putrajaya Line |
16 June 2022 | Bombardier CITYFLO 650 | The fifth GoA4 and the longest in Malaysia, at 57.7 km (35.9 mi) | ||
Melaka Monorail | 4 December 2017 | ||||
Pakistan | Lahore Metro | Orange Line | 25 October 2020 | CRRC Zhuzhou Locomotive | The first driverless metro in Pakistan. |
Qatar | Doha Metro | Red Line | 8 May 2019 | SelTrac | |
Green Line | 10 December 2019 | ||||
Gold Line | 21 November 2019 | ||||
Hamad International Airport Shuttle | 2014 | DCC Doppelmayr Cable Car |
|||
Saudi Arabia | Princess Nora bint Abdul Rahman University Automated People Mover
|
2012 | Ansaldo STS DTG
|
[11] | |
Singapore | Changi Airport Skytrain | 1990 | Kyosan APM | [n] | |
Light Rail Transit (Singapore) | Bukit Panjang LRT line | 6 November 1999 | Bombardier CITYFLO 550 | ||
Sengkang LRT line | 18 January 2003 | Kyosan APM | |||
Punggol LRT line | 29 January 2005 | ||||
Mass Rapid Transit (Singapore) | North East MRT line | 20 June 2003 | Alstom Urbalis 300 | [o][p] | |
Circle MRT line | 28 May 2009 | ||||
Downtown MRT line | 22 December 2013 | Siemens Trainguard Sirius CBTC | |||
North South MRT line |
2017[44] | Thales SelTrac Convergence CBTC[45] | |||
East West MRT line |
18 June 2017 ( Tuas West extension)
28 May 2018 (whole line)[44] | ||||
Thomson–East Coast MRT line | 31 January 2020[46] | Alstom Urbalis 400 | |||
South Korea | Busan-Gimhae Light Rail Transit |
9 September 2011 | SelTrac | ||
Busan Metro | Line 4 | 30 March 2011 | |||
Daegu Metro | Line 3 | 23 April 2015 | |||
Incheon Airport Maglev | 3 February 2016 | ||||
Incheon Airport Shuttle train | 20 June 2008 | ||||
Incheon Subway | Line 2 | 30 July 2016 | SelTrac | ||
Seoul Light Rapid Transit | U Line | 1 July 2012 | VAL system | ||
Everline |
26 April 2013 | Bombardier CITYFLO 650 | |||
Ui LRT | 2 September 2017 | ||||
Gimpo Goldline | 28 September 2019 | Nippon Signal SPARCS | |||
Sillim Line | 28 May 2022 | ||||
Seoul Metropolitan Subway | Shinbundang Line | 28 October 2011 | SelTrac | ||
Wolmi Sea Train | 8 October 2019 | Urbanaut | |||
Taiwan | Taichung Metro | Green Line | 25 April 2021 | Alstom Urbalis 400 | |
Taipei Metro | Wenhu line | 28 March 1996 | Bombardier CITYFLO 650 | [q][r] | |
Circular Line |
31 January 2020 | Ansaldo STS CBTC |
Currently operated with attendant on-board[11] | ||
Taoyuan International Airport Skytrain | 18 January 2003 | ||||
Thailand | BTS Skytrain | Gold Line | 16 December 2020 | Bombardier CITYFLO 650 | |
MRT (Bangkok) | Yellow Line | 3 June 2023 | |||
Pink Line | 21 November 2023 | Bombardier CITYFLO 650 | |||
Turkey | Istanbul Metro | Line M5 | 15 September 2017 | Bombardier CITYFLO 650 | [s][47] |
Line M8 | 6 January 2023 | Bombardier CITYFLO 650 | |||
United Arab Emirates | Dubai International Airport Automated People Mover | Terminal 1 APM | 2016 | ||
Terminal 3 APM | January 2013 | ||||
Dubai Metro | Red Line | 9 September 2009 | SelTrac | [t] | |
Green Line | 9 September 2011 | ||||
Palm Jumeirah Monorail | 30 April 2009 |
GoA4 – Europe
Country/region | Name of system | Line | Date | System | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Denmark | Copenhagen Metro | Line M1 |
19 October 2002 | Ansaldo STS DTG |
[11] |
Line M2
| |||||
Line M3 | 29 September 2019 | Ansaldo STS CBTC
| |||
Line M4 | 28 March 2020 | ||||
France | CDGVAL | Line 1 | 3 April 2007 | VAL system | |
Line 2 | 27 June 2007 | ||||
Lille Metro | Line A | 25 April 1983 | VAL system | First line to use the VAL system | |
Line B | 1 April 1989 | ||||
Lyon Metro | Line B | 25 June 2022 | Alstom Urbalis 400 | [u][v] | |
Line D | 11 December 1992 | ||||
Orlyval | 2 October 1991 | VAL system | |||
Paris Metro | Line 1 | 3 November 2011 | Siemens Trainguard MT CBTC |
[u] | |
Line 4 | 12 September 2022 | [u] | |||
Line 14 | 15 October 1998 | ||||
Rennes Metro | Line A | 15 March 2002 | VAL system | ||
Line B | 20 September 2022 | ||||
Toulouse Metro | Line A | 26 June 1993 | VAL system | ||
Line B | 30 June 2007 | ||||
Germany | Dortmund H-Bahn | 2 May 1984 | SIPEM | ||
Düsseldorf Airport SkyTrain | 1 July 2002 | SIPEM | |||
Munich Airport Satellite Terminal Shuttle Train | 2016 | Bombardier CITYFLO 650 | [48] | ||
Nuremberg U-Bahn | Line U2 | 2 January 2010 | [u] | ||
Line U3 | 14 June 2008 | ||||
SkyLine | 1994 | VAL system | |||
Hungary | Budapest Metro | Line 4 |
28 March 2014 | Siemens Trainguard MT CBTC |
[49] |
Italy | Brescia Metro | 2 March 2013 | Ansaldo STS DTG |
[11] | |
Marconi Express | 18 November 2020 | Intamin People Mover P30 | [50] | ||
Milan Metro | Line 4 | 26 November 2022 | Ansaldo STS CBTC |
[11] | |
Line 5 | 10 February 2013 | Ansaldo STS DTG
| |||
Pisa Mover | 2017 | MiniMetro | |||
Rome Metro | Line C | 9 November 2014 | Ansaldo STS DTG |
[11] | |
SkyBridge |
1999 | ||||
Turin Metro | Line M1 | 4 February 2006 | VAL system | [w] | |
Venice People Mover | 19 April 2010 | DCC Doppelmayr Cable Car |
|||
Russia | Automated Passenger Transportation System | June 2018 | DCC Doppelmayr Cable Car |
||
Spain | Barcelona Metro | Line 9 | 13 December 2009 | Siemens Trainguard MT CBTC |
47.8 km (29.7 mi) |
Line 10 | 10 April 2010 | ||||
Madrid Barajas Airport People Mover |
December 2005 | Bombardier CITYFLO 550 | |||
Switzerland | Lausanne Metro |
Line M2 |
27 October 2008 | Alstom Urbalis 300 | |
Skymetro | September 2003 | Otis Hovair | |||
Turkey | Istanbul Metro | Line M7 | 28 October 2020 | Bombardier CITYFLO 650 | |
United Kingdom | AirRail Link |
7 March 2003 | DCC Doppelmayr Cable Car |
||
Gatwick Airport Shuttle Transit | 1987 | Bombardier CITYFLO 650 | |||
Heathrow Terminal 5 Transit | 2008 | Bombardier CITYFLO 650 | |||
Stansted Airport Transit System | 1991 | Bombardier CITYFLO 550 |
GoA4 – Oceania
Country/region | Name of system | Line | Date | System | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Australia | Pilbara railways |
Rio Tinto iron ore trains from Roy Hill | 28 December 2018 | Hitachi AutoHaul | [x] |
Sydney Metro | North West Line | 26 May 2019 | Alstom Urbalis 400 | [y] |
Future systems
Americas
Country/region | Name of system | Line | Date | System | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Brazil | Manaus Monorail | SelTrac | |||
São Paulo Metro | Line 6 | November 2025 | Nippon Signal SPARCS | [z][54] | |
Line 17 | June 2026 | SelTrac | [55][56] | ||
Canada | Toronto Subway | Ontario Line | 2031 | Hitachi Rail | |
Chile | Santiago Metro | Line 7 | 2027 | SelTrac | |
Line 8 | |||||
Line 9 | |||||
Peru | Lima Metro |
Line 4 |
2025 | Ansaldo STS CBTC |
[11] |
Asia
Europe
Country/region | Name of system | Line | Date | System | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Czech Republic | Prague Metro | Line C | 2028-2030 | [ab] | |
Line D | 2031 | ||||
France | Lyon Metro | Line A | 2035 | [ac] | |
Marseille Metro | Line 1 | 2027 | Alstom Urbalis 400 | [ad] | |
Line 2 | 2026 | ||||
Paris Métro | Line 13 | 2027–2035 | [ae] | ||
Line 15 | 2025 | Siemens Trainguard MT CBTC |
|||
Line 16 | 2026 | ||||
Line 17 | |||||
Line 18 | Alstom Urbalis Fluence | ||||
Toulouse Metro | Line C | 2028 | Alstom Urbalis 400 | ||
Greece | Athens Metro | Line 4 | 2028 | Alstom Urbalis 400 | |
Thessaloniki Metro | Line 1 | November 2024 | Ansaldo STS CBTC |
||
Line 2 | 2025 | ||||
Ireland | MetroLink (Dublin) | 2035 | |||
Spain | Madrid Metro | Line 6 | 2026-2029 | [af] | |
Line 8 | |||||
Sweden | Stockholm metro | Yellow Line | 2034 | [56][57] | |
Switzerland | Appenzeller Bahnen | RhW | 2027 | Stadler NOVA Pro | |
United Kingdom | Glasgow Subway | 2025 | Hitachi Rail STS CBTC | [ag][65] |
Oceania
Country/region | Name of system | Line | Date | System | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Australia | Sydney Metro | Sydney Metro West | 2030 | Alstom Urbalis 400 | |
Western Sydney Airport line |
2026 | ||||
Suburban Rail Loop (Melbourne) | Suburban Rail Loop East | 2035 |
Notes
- ^ With train captains monitoring in cab
- ^ With train captains monitoring in cab
- ^ UTO system jointly developed by Thales Group and Shanghai Electric.[2]
- ^ Previously operated in manual mode
- ^ A supervisor is monitoring the train in the cab
- ^ To be converted to GoA4
- ^ With train captains monitoring in cab.
- ^ Rebuilt in 1981
- ^ Rebuilt in 2016
- ^ This railroad is GoA2 capable, able to run a train without any person on board for the entire trip out to the Four Corners Generating Station and back to the mines.[citation needed]
- ^ UTO system jointly developed by Thales Group and Shanghai Electric.[2]
- ^ With train attendants to drive trains in the event of a disruption.
- ^ With train attendants to drive trains in the event of a disruption.
- ^ Original system opened in 1990; upgraded to current system in 2006.
- ^ The largest fully automated rapid transit network in the world with 202.4 km (125.8 mi) of automated rail lines.[43] Trains may have an attendant on board. Only North South line and East West line has driving cabins.
- ^ North South and East West lines were converted from a lower GoA to a higher GoA
- ^ Previously used VAL
- ^ System started with an attendant on board each train full-time. Gradually over time, the presence of attendants decreased. By September 2017, trains have attendants only while in long tunnel sections.
- ^ On the Asian side of Istanbul
- ^ Red Line at 52.1 km (32.4 mi). The longest driverless network in the Middle East.
- ^ a b c d Converted from manual to automated operation
- ^ Rubber-tyred trains controlled by a system known as MAGGALY (Métro Automatique à Grand Gabarit de l'Agglomération Lyonnaise).
- ^ First fully automatic metro in Italy. First section opened for the 2006 Winter Olympics, completed in 2014.
- Rio Tinto Group "AutoHaul" system on its iron ore railways in the Pilbara.[51] This system is GoA 4 capable, able to run trains without a single person aboard for the entire trip out to the mines and back to the port. In October 2017 the first fully autonomous test took place over a 100 kilometres (62 mi) section.[52] The group was granted accreditation by Australia's Office of the National Rail Safety Regulator, approving the autonomous operation of iron ore trains in the Pilbara region of Western Australia.[53]
- ^ First completely driverless metro line in Australia.
- ^ GoA4
- ^ a b UTO Fully driverless system.
- ^ Upgrade from GoA2 to GoA4
- ^ Upgrade from GoA2 to GoA4
- ^ Upgrade from GoA2 to GoA4
- ^ Upgrade from GoA2 to GoA4
- ^ Conversion from manual to driverless operation
- ^ Upgrade from GoA2 to GoA4 as part of Subway Modernisation.
References
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- ^ a b Briginshaw, David. "Shanghai awards contract for first automated metro line". Retrieved 2018-05-21.
- ^ a b "上海5号线TSTCBTC®2.0信号系统成功通过载客运营考核评审 – TST". www.thalessec.com.cn. Retrieved 2021-03-02.
- ^ "卡斯柯100%全自主信号护航 上海轨道交通17号线开通载客运营". www.casco.com.cn. Retrieved 2019-09-10.
- ^ "武汉地铁进入全自动驾驶时代 5号线有望"尝鲜"" [Wuhan Metro enters the fully driverless era: Line 5 could have "early preview"]. Chutian Metropolis Daily. 16 May 2018. Archived from the original on 13 October 2019. Retrieved 19 February 2019 – via China News Service.
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- ^ "ViaQuatro ganha Prêmio UITP Latino" (in Portuguese).
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- ^ a b c d e f g h i Betis, Alexander; Torre, Marino; Ghiorzo, Alessandro; Del Gaudio, Giovanni (2017-04-06). "La Linea M4 di Milano: Approfondiamo Gli Aspetti Tecnici – L'evoluzione del sistema di automazione dalla M5 alla M4, evoluzione e non rivoluzione" [The M4 line of Milan: we examine the technical aspects - the evolution of the automation system from M5 to M4, evolution and non-revolution] (PDF). CIFI (in Italian). Collegio Ingegneri Ferroviari Italiani. p. 18. Retrieved 2022-03-13.
- ^ "Crystal Mover Services, Inc. | Washington Dulles International Airport". Crystal Mover Services, Inc. Retrieved 2024-01-18.
- ^ "USA | Thales Group". www.thalesgroup.com. 2015-12-16. Retrieved 2024-01-18.
- ^ "Crystal Mover Services, Inc. | Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport". Crystal Mover Services, Inc. Retrieved 2024-01-18.
- ^ "KYOSAN HISTORY|History of Kyosan|Company Information | Kyosan Electric Mfg. Co., Ltd". www.kyosan.co.jp. Retrieved 2024-01-18.
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- ^ Ltd, DVV Media International. "Chengdu driverless metro contracts awarded". Metro Report. Archived from the original on 2018-07-04. Retrieved 2018-05-21.
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