Richard Kauffmann

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Not to be confused with Richard Kaufman.
Kauffmann c. 1950–1957

Richard Kauffmann (1887–1958) was a

International Style architecture became known.[1]

Biography

Early life, World War I, work in Europe

Richard Kauffmann was born in 1887 in Frankfurt, Germany.[2] In 1907, he began to study art at the Städelschule, but transferred to architecture studies in Amsterdam the following year. In 1909, he moved to the Technical University of Munich, graduating in 1912. In 1914, he opened an office in Frankfurt.[citation needed]

During the

First World War Kauffmann fought on the Eastern Front, where he became aware of the persecutions directed against East European Jews.[3]

In 1919, Kauffmann met

Zionist enterprise.[3] At that point, Kauffmann was already a government town planner in Christiania, now Oslo, the capital of Norway.[3]

Mandate Palestine

In 1920, he migrated to

kibutzim and moshavim in the northern valleys (Jezreel Valley), most notably Ein Harod, Kfar Yehoshua, Degania Alef, Kfar Yehezkel and Nahalal
.

Moshav Nahalal in the Jezreel Valley, designed by Kauffmann
Israeli Prime Minister

Nahalal, the first moshav ovdim, was designed in a circular shape, where public buildings were located in the middle surrounded by a circular road, then the agricultural farm buildings were about 20 metres (66 ft) from each other, and then the farms and fields were 45 metres (148 ft) wide and hundreds of meters long, forming a whole shape of sunshine rays.

His designs for the children's house, kindergarten and school in Degania Alef embodied the social and educational principles of the kibbutz movement.[4]

Kauffmann was asked to design the northern neighborhoods of Tel Aviv, based on the urban plans of Patrick Geddes. In 1927, he was appointed a member of the British Mandate town planning committee. He built private residences all over the country and participated in design competitions. He was one of the architects of the Levant Fair (Hebrew Yarid HaMizrah) in 1932–1934.[2] He planned the layout of the pavilions.[5]

Kauffmann designed some new Israeli cities, such as

Neve Sha'anan, Bat Galim and Central Carmel in the city of Haifa
.

Concept and style

The main idea in his urban planning was the incorporation of Ebenezer Howard's idea of Garden suburbs, as a manifestation of social ideals, with the ideals of agricultural-Zionist communities, and with the pragmatical needs of the inhabitants of those communities and the settling organizations requests. He was influenced by Neoclassicist architecture, but his urban and agricultural community planning also addressed specific environmental and climate conditions.

See also

  • Architecture in Israel

References

  1. ISSN 0362-4331
    . Retrieved 2016-06-08.
  2. ^ a b c "Richard Kaufmann". ArtLog. Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2018-08-13.
  3. ^ a b c Esther Kauffmann Forsen (ed.), Richard Kauffmann – Architect and Town Planner: A daughter's perspective on his life and work, accessed 13 August 2018
  4. ^ "Degania & Nahalal". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Retrieved 2016-06-08.
  5. ^ "The Orient Fair". ArtLog. Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2016-06-08.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Richard Kauffmann.
  • The personal papers of Richard Kauffmann are kept at the Central Zionist Archives in Jerusalem. The notation of the record group is A175.
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