Wang Ganchang
Wang Ganchang 王淦昌 | |
---|---|
Chinese nuclear weapons program | |
Doctoral advisor | Lise Meitner |
Wang Ganchang | |
---|---|
Hanyu Pinyin | Wáng Gànchāng |
Wade–Giles | Wang2 Kan4-ch'ang1 |
IPA | [wǎŋ kân.ʈʂʰáŋ] |
Wang Ganchang (
For his numerous contributions, Wang is considered among the top leaders, pioneers and scientists of the
In 1930, Wang first proposed the use of a
Wang also led a group which discovered the
After May 1950, Wang became researcher and vice-director of the
From spring of 1969 onwards, Wang held many high-level positions within Chinese academic and political organizations. He was vice-director of the Ninth Research Institute (二机部第九研究院), predecessor of the
In 2000, the Chinese Physical Society established five prizes in recognition of five pioneers of modern physics in China. The Wang Ganchang Prize is awarded to physicists in particle physics and inertial confinement fusion.
Early years
Wang Ganchang was born in Zhitang (支塘镇枫塘湾), Changshu, Jiangsu Province on May 28, 1907.[3] In 1924, he graduated from Pudong High School (浦东中学) in Shanghai. Subsequently, he studied English for six months while driving and repairing cars to sustain himself. He passed the entrance examinations for Tsinghua University in August 1928.
He graduated from the Physics Department of Tsinghua in June 1929, and served as an assistant professor from 1929 to 1930. In his thesis "On the daily change of radon gas" (《清华园周围氡气的强度及每天的变化》), he was the first Chinese scientist to publish on atmospheric research and radioactive experiments.[4]
Overseas student in Germany
In 1930 he went to study at the
Wang suggested the use of a cloud chamber to study these particles. However, he could not perform this experiment during his time in Germany, since he lacked the support of his supervisor Lise Meitner. Instead, it was conducted one year later by the English physicist James Chadwick, who discovered a new type of particle, the neutron. Chadwick was subsequently awarded the 1935 Nobel Prize in Physics.
During or after his time in Germany, Wang worked briefly at
In 1934, Wang Ganchang received his
Upon his return to China
He first worked at Shandong University as a physics professor from 1934 to 1936. He then became a professor at Zhejiang University and served as head of the Department of Physics there from October 1936 to 1950.
During World War II
After the
In 1941, he first proposed an experiment to prove the existence of the
After the founding of the People's Republic of China
From April 1950 to 1956 Wang was a researcher at the
Professor Wang was the first to propose the establishment of a cosmic ray laboratory in China. From 1953 to 1956, he directed the Luoxue Mountain Cosmic Rays Research Center (落雪山宇宙线实验站) located 3185 meters above sea level in the mountainous region of Yunnan province.
His study of cosmic-rays lead him to publish his findings on neutral-meson decay in 1955. By 1957 he had collected more than 700 recordings of new types of particles.
The USSR years
In order to develop the field of high energy physics in China, in 1956 the Chinese government began to send experts to the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research at Dubna in the Soviet Union to do field work and carry out preliminary design of particle accelerators. The agreement on the establishment of JINR was signed on March 26, 1956 in Moscow, with Wang Ganchang as one of the founders.[8]
On April 4, 1956, Wang went to the USSR to help plan the long-term development of the peaceful utilization of atomic energy. Later, many Chinese students went to the Soviet Union to study the technology of accelerator and
The discovery of this new unstable antiparticle, which decays in (1.18±0.07)·10−10 s into an antineutron and a negative pion, was announced in September of that year.[7]
Initially there was no doubt that this particle was an
Wang remained affiliated with the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research even after returning to China, serving as its deputy director from 1958 until 1960.
Nuclear weapons
After his return to China in 1958, Wang agreed to participate in the
In 1963 he moved to a site within the
On October 16, 1964 the
Less than three years later, on June 17, 1967 the
In spring 1969, Wang was one of several scientists who spoke with an Australian journalist about China's nuclear weapons programme.[5][6]
That year, as part of his duties as vice-director of the Ninth Research Institute (二机部第九研究院), Wang received the task of conducting China's first
Nuclear fusion and nuclear energy
In 1964, the Shanghai Optical Machinery Institute (上海光学精密机械研究所) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences developed a high-power 10
Unfortunately, due to the political turmoil of the Cultural Revolution, which caused seven years of delay, Wang's leading position in this field was lost.
By the end of 1978, his inertial confinement fusion research group established by the Atomic Energy began the construction of a high-current accelerator. As an advocate of nuclear energy, and with four other nuclear experts in October 1978, Wang proposed the development of
Project 863
On March 3, 1986, Wang Ganchang,
Awards
Wang was the first recipient of the
In September 1999, Wang and
See also
- Chinese atomic bomb
- Chinese hydrogen bomb
- Nuclear testing
- Underground nuclear testing
- Wang Pu (a Chinese student PhD student who worked with Lise Meitner shortly after Wang Ganchang)
Selected literature by Wang Ganchang
- German (as K. C. Wang)
- —— (1932). "Über die obere Grenze des kontinuierlichen β-Strahlspektrums von RaE". S2CID 121999700.
- —— (1934). "Über die β-Spektren von ThB + C + C". S2CID 121999700.
- English (as K. C. Wang)
- —— (1942). "A suggestion on the detection of the neutrino". .
- ——; Tsao, H. L. (1944). "An attempt at finding the relationship between the nuclear force and the gravitational force". .
- —— (1945). "A suggestion on a new experimental method for cosmic-ray particles". Science Record. 1: 387.
- ——; Chiang, T. L. (1945). "A suggestion on a new experimental method for cosmic-ray particles". Science Record. 1: 389.
- —— (1945). "Radioactivity of the neutron". doi:10.1038/155574a0.
- ——; Cheng, K. C. (1946). "A five-dimensional field theory". .
- —— (1947). "Proposed methods of detecting the neutrino". .
- —— (1947). "An organic activated ZnO-ZnCl2 phosphorescent substance". Science Record. 2: 54.
- Hsin, S. C.; —— (1947). "Phosphorescence produced by mechanical means". Chinese Journal of Physics. 7 (1): 53.
- ——; Jones, S. B. (1948). "On the disintegration of mesotrons". .
- English (as G. Wang)
- Wang, N.; ——. "An 80-GW relativistic electron beam accelerator". Proceedings of the fifth International Conference on High-Power Particle Beams, USA, 1983.
- Wang, N.; ——. "100 Joule level KrF laser pumped by intense electron beam". Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on KrF Laser Technology, Alberta, Canada, 1990.
- Chinese (as 王淦昌)
- ——.中性介子(π0)的发现及它的性质.物理通报,1951,1(12):34.
- ——,郑仁圻,吕敏.在铅板里发生的电子光子簇射.物理学报,1955,11(5):421.
- ——,肖健,郑仁圻,吕敏.一个中性重介子的衰变.物理学报,1955,11(6):493.
- 郑仁圻,吕敏,肖健,——.在云室中观察到一个K介子的产生及其核俘获.物理学报,1956,12(4):376.
- ——,吕敏,郑仁圻.一个长寿命的带电超子.科学记录(新辑),1957,1(2):21.
- ——,王祝翔,维克斯勒,维辽索夫,乌兰拉,丁大钊等.8.3 GeV/c 的负π介子所产生的Σ−超子.物理学报,1960,16(7):365; ЖэТФ,1960,38:1356.
- ——,王祝翔,维克斯列尔,符拉娜,丁大钊等.在动量为 6.8±6亿电子伏/c的π−介子与质子相互作用下A0(Σ0)及K0的产生.物理学报,1961,17(2):61; ЖэТФ,1961,40:464.
- ——,王祝翔.能量在10GeV以下的π-N,p-N和p-N相互作用.物理学报,1961,17:520.
- 丁大钊,王祝翔,——.奇异粒子的强相互作用.物理学报,1962,18:334.
- ——.利用高功率激光驱动核聚变反应.(内部报告)1964.
- ——.国际上惯性约束核聚变情况简介和对我国在这方面工作的意见.(惯性约束核聚变讨论会文集)1982.9.
- ——,诸旭辉,王乃彦,谢京刚,李鹰山,周昌淮,王璞.6焦耳KrF激光的产生.核科学与工程,1985,5(1):1.
- ——,诸旭辉,王乃彦,谢京刚,李鹰山,周昌淮,王璞.12.5焦耳电子束泵浦KrF激光器.应用激光,1986,6(2):49.
- ——.王淦昌论文选集.北京:科学出版社,1987.
- 徐宜志,——.闪光-1强流脉冲电子束加速器.原子核物理,1987,9(2):69.
- Russian (as Ван Ган-чан )
- ——; et al. (1960). "Исследование упругого pacceяния π− мезонов с импульсом 6.8 GeV/c на протонах с помошью пропановой пузырьковой камеpы". ЖЭТФ. 38: 426.
- ——; et al. (1960). "Рождение антипротонов при взаимодействии π− мезонов с нуклонами". ЖЭТФ. 38: 1010.
- Бирзер, H. г.; ——; Ван, Цу-чен; et al. (1961). "Неупругие взаимодействия π− мезонов с импульсом 6.8 GeV/c с нуклонами". ЖЭТФ. 41 (5): 1461.
References
- . Retrieved 2007-08-17.
- ^ "JOINT INSTITUTE FOR NUCLEAR RESEARCH Archived 2007-08-25 at the Wayback Machine".
- ^ "王淦昌辉煌人生". 国防科学技术工业网. 2007-05-24. Retrieved August 1, 2008.[permanent dead link]
- ^ "王淦昌". 中基网. 2001-11-08. Archived from the original on 2011-05-25. Retrieved August 7, 2008.
- ^ The Toronto Star. August 9, 1969. p. 10.
- ^ )
- ^ a b "王淦昌的科学贡献". 电动力学网络教程. 2006-06-01. Archived from the original on July 7, 2011. Retrieved August 4, 2008.
- ^ "International Intergovermental Organization Joint Institute for Nuclear Research" (PDF). Laboratory of High Energies of the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research. July 18, 2008. Archived from the original (PDF) on August 23, 2011. Retrieved August 12, 2008.
- ^ "50th Anniversary of the Veksler and Baldin Laboratory of High Energies of the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research" (PDF). Laboratory of High Energies of the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research. October 27, 2003. Retrieved August 11, 2008. [dead link]
- ^ "1998年12月10日物理学家王淦昌逝世". 无锡阿福台网. October 27, 2005. Archived from the original on December 11, 2008. Retrieved August 7, 2008.