XIV Corps (United States)

XIV Corps
XIV Corps
	Shoulder sleeve insignia of XIV Corps.
Active	1933–1945; 1957–1968
Country	United States
Branch	United States Army
Type	Corps
Engagements	World War II
Commanders
Notable; commanders	Alexander Patch; Oscar Griswold

XIV Corps was a

147th Infantry Regimental Combat Team in the final drive that expelled the Japanese from Guadalcanal early in February 1943. The 70th Coast Artillery Regiment (Anti-Aircraft) landed on 23 May 1943. From air fields guarded by the XIV Army Corps, Allied aircraft began the neutralization of the enemy's vital Munda airfields on New Georgia

.

Major General

Rendova Islands, General Griswold's forces, which included the 43rd (New England) and the 37th (Buckeye) Infantry Divisions with elements of the 25th Division, seized New Georgia and the important Munda airfield on 6 August. Mopping up the adjacent islands was completed and the New Georgia campaign ended on 6 October 1943. American and New Zealand aircraft operating from the Munda field began the neutralization of Kahili and other enemy airfields in Bougainville

.

XIV Corps defeated the once fine

Nanking

in 1937.

In the

93rd (Negro) Infantry Division arrived after the peak of the battle and assisted in harassing retreating Japanese troops. There were 65,000 Japanese on Bougainville when the Americans landed, of whom some 8,200 died in combat and 16,600 from illness.^[1]

The three airfields in the Bougainville perimeter were used as bases for allied aircraft that reduced the once mighty Japanese air and naval base of

Thirteenth Air Force

.

From the Solomons campaigns, XIV Army Corps gained the nickname "Kings of the Solomons".

Liberators of Manila

XIV Army Corps with its initial divisions, the 37th and the 40th (Sunshine) Infantry Division, landed on the shores of Lingayen Gulf, Luzon, Philippines, on S-Day, which was 9 January 1945. The landing was made without ground opposition as the Japanese garrison, completely surprised, fled three days before S-Day at the start of an intensive naval and aerial bombardment.

Meeting sporadic resistance, the corps drove rapidly south towards

San Carlos, Malasiqui and Tarlac. At Bamban, the enemy was strongly entrenched in the 40th's sector in the foothills of the Zambales Mountains

. Attacking abreast, the 37th and 40th sufficiently reduced the resistance to allow the 37th to continue on to Manila. The 40th was left to contain and exterminate the stubbornly resisting Japanese.

The

Garapan

, and by 1 February 1945, the 37th and the 1st Cavalry were poised north of Manila ready for the battle for the Philippines' capital city.

On 2 February, elements of the

11th Airborne Division made an airborne and amphibious invasion of Nasugbu on the west coast of Batangas Province, 32 miles southwest of the former American naval base of Cavite

. This move was to seal off the Japanese forces south of Manila. The 11th, passing to XIV Corps control, began a push toward a junction with columns of the 37th and 1st Cavalry.

On 3 February, the 1st Cavalry entered Manila liberating 3,700 American internees at Santo Tomas and the next day soldiers of the 37th marched into

Bilibid Prison freeing 800 American civilians and soldiers captured on Bataan and Corregidor

in 1941.

Resistance was quickly reduced north of the

Los Banos Prison Camp

, 23 February.

Main enemy resistance collapsed with the taking of the ancient walled city of Intramuros on 24 February by the 37th Division. Mopping up was completed in three public building that had been fortified by the Japanese and in Manila Bay, where Japanese has set up defenses in the hulks of sunken ships.

The cleanup of Southern Luzon with the 1st Cavalry and the 11th Airborne comprising major corps units was begun 15 March, and by 20 May the area was declared free of Japanese organized resistance. Then on 1 July, the corps with the 6th, 32nd (Red Arrow), 37th and 38th (Cyclone) Division began the cleanup of Northern Luzon.

Campaign credits and postwar service

XIV Corps is credited with service in the Guadalcanal, Northern Solomons, Bismarck Archipelago, and Luzon Campaigns. Subsequent to World War II, XIV Corps was active in Minneapolis, Minnesota, from 1957 to 1968.

References

Notes

^ Long, The Final Campaigns, pp. 102–103

Bibliography

Wilson, John B., compiler (1999). "Armies, Corps, Divisions, and Separate Brigades". Washington D.C.: Government Printing Office.
ISBN 0-16-049994-1
.

Web

Long, Gavin (1963). "Volume VII – The Final Campaigns". Official Histories – Second World War. Australian War Memorial. Retrieved 8 January 2007.

[1] Long, The Final Campaigns, pp. 102–103

[1]