1932 New South Wales constitutional crisis
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Date | 13 May 1932 |
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Location | Government House, Sydney, Parliament House, Sydney |
Participants | Sir Philip Game, Jack Lang, Sir Bertram Stevens |
Outcome | Game dismissed Lang, commissioned Stevens who called a state election which Lang resoundingly lost |
The 1932 dismissal of Premier Jack Lang by New South Wales Governor Philip Game was the first real constitutional crisis in Australia. Lang remains the only Australian premier to be removed from office by his governor, using the reserve powers of the Crown.
Background
Early in 1931 Jack Lang released his own plan to combat the Great Depression in Australia; this became known as "the Lang Plan". This was in contrast to the "Melbourne Agreement", later known as the Premiers' Plan, which all other state governments and the federal government had agreed to in 1930. Lang believed that the Depression was essentially caused by overseas bankers who were greedy for even more money and that this deflationary plan would only secure their wealth.[citation needed]
Key points of the Lang Plan included the reduction of
Lang was totally opposed to the Premiers' Plan agreed to by the federal Labor government of James Scullin and all the other premiers, which called for even more stringent cuts to government spending to balance the budget. In October 1931 Lang's followers in the Australian House of Representatives crossed the floor to vote with the conservative United Australia Party (UAP) and bring down the Scullin government. This action split the NSW Labor Party in two – Lang's followers became known as Lang Labor, while Scullin's supporters, led by Chifley, became known in NSW as Federal Labor. Most of the party's branches and affiliated trade unions supported Lang.
When the United Australia Party
Gerald Stone, in his book 1932,[2] states that there is evidence that Lang considered arresting the governor to prevent the governor from dismissing him. The possibility of this was sufficiently high that the armed forces of the Commonwealth, who would have come to the assistance of the governor, were put on alert.
Dismissal and result
On 13 May 1932, Game dismissed Lang's government, and appointed UAP leader
This was the first case of an Australian government with the confidence of the lower house of Parliament being dismissed by a vice-regal representative, the second (and as of 2024, most recent) case being when Governor-General
Game himself felt his decision was the right one, despite his personal liking of Lang. He wrote to his mother-in-law on 2 July 1932: "Still with all his faults of omission and commission I had and still have a personal liking for Lang and a great deal of sympathy for his ideals and I did not at all relish being forced to dismiss him. But I felt faced with the alternative of doing so or reducing the job of Governor all over the Empire to a farce."[3] Lang himself, despite objecting to his dismissal, conceded that he too liked Game, regarding him as fair and polite, and having had good relations with him.[4]
See also
References
- ISBN 978-0002172929.
- ISBN 1-4050-3677-X.
- ^ Letter by Sir P. Game to Mrs Eleanor Hughes-Gibb, 2 July 1932, ML MSS 2166/5.
- ^ Foot, B. (1968). Dismissal of a Premier – The Sir Philip Game Papers. Sydney: Morgan Publications. p. 190.
notes
- ^ However, Lang was not the first to hear of his dismissal. The pianist Isador Goodman, who had been befriended by Sir Philip and Lady Game, was at Government House for dinner that night. There were a number of interruptions, and Goodman asked if he perhaps ought to leave. Game replied "No, that's not necessary, you see, I am about to dismiss the Premier".