2011 Imbaba church attacks

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2011 Imbaba church attacks
Location
Salafi
Muslims

The 2011 Imbaba church attacks were a series of attacks that took place in

Muslim fundamentalists since the 1970s, but also comprises a significant number of Coptic Christians.[9][12]

Events

Part of a series of articles on the
Modern persecution
of Coptic Christians
Overview
Terrorist attacks
Figures

The attack began when a mob estimated at 500 "hard-line"

Salafi Muslims attacked the Coptic Orthodox church of Saint Mina in Imababa, claiming that a Christian convert to Islam was held hostage there.[1][8][10][12][13] Christians denied that anybody was being held hostage, and police search of the church did not reveal anything.[9] Yet, Muslims insisted on attacking the church. When the Christians protected their church and refused that the Muslims raid it, the Muslims opened gunfire at them, and threw firebombs and molotov cocktails.[9][11] There were no guns with the Christians, and no gunshots were shot from within the church.[11] During the attacks, the two sides also exchanged the throwing of stones.[1][11] Apartments and shops belonging to the Christians were also torched and destroyed.[3][9]

After torching the Coptic Orthodox church of Saint Mina, Salafis went ahead and burned another church, the Coptic Orthodox church of the Virgin Mary, also in Imbaba.[1][9][12][13]

Military soldiers later arrived to repel the Muslim protesters. Copts also scuffled with the soldiers, blaming them for not doing enough to protect them.[3] Nearby, firefighters also fought to control a blaze started at the Coptic Orthodox church of the Virgin Mary.[2]

The Copts then took to the streets to protest the attacks, chanting "Oh God! Oh Jesus!", and "We sacrifice our souls and blood for the Holy Cross".[9][11] They also clashed with army soldiers, blaming them for not doing enough to protect the Christians and their churches.[11] On the other hand, Salafi Muslims demonstrated shouting "We sacrifice our souls and blood for Islam"[9] While other Muslims, especially residents of the area shouted "Muslims and Christians are one hand", with both Muslim and Christian residents of Imbaba attempting to protect the churches and stop the fires and violence. Many blamed the police and army forces for remaining as bystanders without intervening while the two groups were clashing together.[9] In addition, many injured victims could not be transported to hospitals because the ambulance cars were prevented from entering the area of clashes.[9]

Background

The year 2011 was marked by an increased violence against Egypt's Coptic Christian minority by Muslim radicals. The year began with the

Coptic Church's headquarters in Cairo, demanding the release of the two alleged imprisoned converts.[3]

None of these claims was founded. In fact, the Imbaba church attacks took place on the same day a video was broadcast featuring

2010 Baghdad church attack, which resulted in the massacre of 58 Christians in Iraq.[11] The group also vowed more attacks until Kamilia was released.[11] Two months later, on New Year's Eve 2011, a suicide bomber killed 23 Coptic Christians in the 2011 Alexandria bombing.[10]

Responsibility

According to the investigatory commission charged with investigating the events that took place in Imbaba, the attacks were initiated by

Salafi Muslims for the attack.[3] The human rights council also blamed the Salafis for "the intensification of extremist religious interpretations that propose rearranging Egyptian society to exclude Christians."[3]

Reaction

The Christian Copts who were injured in the attacks strongly criticized the Muslim Salafis and accused them of instigating and staging the attacks. One particular prominent Salafi figure, Mohamed Hassan, took much of the blame. The Christian victims also expressed their concerns about being the targets of systematic attacks, and about the hesitancy of the police and the military to protect them.[12]

Immediately following the attacks, a few Copts demonstrated in front of the American Embassy in Cairo, calling for international protection of Egypt's Christian community, and criticizing the Egyptian government for not doing enough to protect them.[6][12]

On the day following the attack, thousands of Christians protested in

Maspiro television building against the government's leniency towards the aggressors and to call for immediate investigation into the clashes and the torching of churches.[7][12][15] The Christian protesters were met with stones and bricks thrown from rooftops, and various clashes erupted between Christians and Muslims, which resulted in the injury of 42 people.[6] Christians also demonstrated in Alexandria to denounce the attack on their churches in Imbaba.[16]

Consequences

The attacks had profound impact on the relationship between Muslims and Christians in Egypt.[17] For the first time, Coptic Christians decided to form self-defense militias to protect Christian churches, homes and businesses. Essam Sharaf, the Egyptian prime minister, promised to implement within 30 days a new legislation that lifted the restrictions facing the construction of new Christian churches in Egypt, and standardized the requirements needed for building houses of worship belonging to all faiths.[3][18] The Egyptian government also passed a new law criminalizing discrimination based on religion,[18] and another banning demonstrations and gatherings outside places of worship.[3]

Following the attacks, the Egyptian army declared it had arrested 190 people in connection with the clashes.[12]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d Egypt Sectarian Clash Leads To Multiple Deaths. Huffingtonpost.com (7 May 2011). Retrieved 12 May 2011.
  2. ^ a b c d "At least 6 dead in Egyptian sectarian violence". CNN. 8 May 2011. Retrieved 8 May 2011.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i Samer al-Atrush (8 May 2011). "Nine killed in sectarian violence in Cairo". AFP. Archived from the original on 11 May 2011. Retrieved 8 May 2011.
  4. ^ Mohamed Fadel Fahmy and Ian Lee (8 May 2011). "Egyptian Copts, reeling from violence, want protection". CNN. Retrieved 8 May 2011.
  5. ^ "Egypt to lift restrictions on building churches". Archived from the original on 25 November 2011.
  6. ^ a b c "Egyptian Copts, reeling from violence, want protection". Retrieved 13 December 2014.
  7. ^ a b "الاف المصرييين في ميدان التحرير دفاعا عن الوحدة الوطنية". Retrieved 13 December 2014.
  8. ^ a b Ernesto Londono [1]"12 dead in Egypt as Christians and Muslims clash", 8 May 2011, Washington Post.
  9. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k 9 قتلى و109 مصاباً في إشتباكات طائفية في مصر بسبب فتاة. Elaph.com. Retrieved 12 May 2011.
  10. ^ a b c At least 6 dead in Egyptian sectarian violence – CNN.com. Edition.cnn.com (8 May 2011). Retrieved 12 May 2011.
  11. ^ a b c d e f g h i AFP: Egypt warns 'iron hand' to halt religious unrest. Google.com. Retrieved 12 May 2011.
  12. ^ a b c d e f g h Cairo's Copts organize groups for self-defense | Al-Masry Al-Youm: Today's News from Egypt. Al-Masry Al-Youm (8 May 2011). Retrieved 12 May 2011.
  13. ^ a b BBC News – Cairo: Muslims and Christians clash in Imbaba. Bbc.co.uk (8 May 2011). Retrieved 12 May 2011.
  14. ^ a b "تقصي حقائق إمبابة: السلفيون والبلطجية ونظام مبارك وراء الفتنة". Retrieved 13 December 2014.
  15. ^ "أقباط مصر معتصمون حتى محاسبة المسؤولين عن أحداث إمبابة". Retrieved 13 December 2014.
  16. ^ "أقباط بالإسكندرية يتظاهرون تنديداً بحادث امبابة". Archived from the original on 17 May 2011. Retrieved 16 May 2011.
  17. ^ اليوم السابع | 42 مصاباً فى أحداث الشغب بـ"ماسبيرو" و"التحرير". Youm7.com. Retrieved 12 May 2011.
  18. ^ a b الحكومة تقر قانونا موحدا لدور العبادة وآخر يجرم التمييز الطائفي| Masrawy Archived 17 May 2011 at the Wayback Machine.
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