65 Cybele

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65 Cybele
V–R = 0.400±0.007[24]
10.67 to 13.64
6.58±0.06[24] · 6.62[1][22][23][21][18] · 6.88±0.26[25] · 6.95[20]

Cybele,

rotation period of 6.0814 hours. It was discovered by Wilhelm Tempel in 1861, and named after Cybele
, the earth goddess.

Discovery and naming

Cybele was discovered on 8 March 1861, by German astronomer

Marseilles Observatory in southeastern France.[2] A minor controversy arose from its naming process. Tempel had awarded the honour of naming the asteroid to Carl August von Steinheil in recognition of his achievements in telescope production. Von Steinheil elected to name it "Maximiliana" after the reigning monarch Maximilian II of Bavaria. At the time, asteroids were conventionally given classical names, and a number of astronomers protested this contemporary appellation. The name Cybele was chosen instead, referring to the Phrygian goddess of the earth.[4] (The previously discovered 45 Eugenia, 54 Alexandra, and 64 Angelina
had nevertheless also been given non-classical names; 64 Angelina had also been discovered by Tempel, but its name stood despite similar protests.)

Physical characteristics

The first Cybelian stellar

occultation was observed on 17 October 1979, in the Soviet Union. The asteroid appeared to have an irregular shape, with the longest chord being measured as 245 km, closely matching results determined by the IRAS satellite in 1983 (see below). During the same 1979 occultation, a hint of a possible 11 km wide minor-planet moon at 917 km distance was detected,[26] but has since never been corroborated. As of 2017, neither the Asteroid Lightcurve Data Base nor Johnston's archive consider Cybele to be a binary asteroid.[23][27]

Diameter estimates

Mean-diameter estimates for Cybele range between 218.56 and 300.54 kilometers. According to observations by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite

NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer gave a diameter of 218.56 and 276.58 km.[20][21] The largest estimates of 300.54 km is from the Japanese Akari satellite.[18] In 2004, Müller estimated Cybele using thermophysical modelling (TPM) to have dimensions of 302 × 290 × 232 km, which corresponds to a mean-diameter of 273.0 km.[19]

Observations in 2021 show that Cybele's present shape very closely matches what would be expected if it were in

Sylvia family.)[28]

Spectrum

Examination of the asteroid's infrared spectrum shows an absorption feature that is similar to the one present in the spectrum of 24 Themis. This can be explained by the presence of water ice. The asteroid may be covered in a layer of fine silicate dust mixed with small amounts of water-ice and organic solids.[29]

Recent occultations

On August 24, 2008, Cybele

Ophiuchus which showed a long axis of at least 294 km.[30] On 11 October 2009, Cybele occulted a 13.4-magnitude star in the constellation Aquarius.[31]

Notes

  1. ^ Pilcher (2014m). Rotation period for (65) Cybele: 6.081±0.001 hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.03±0.01 mag. Quality Code of 3-. Summary figures at the LCDB; not available as 2014MPBu...41..250F at ADS

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 65 Cybele" (2017-11-26 last obs.). Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 22 December 2017.
  2. ^ a b "(65) Cybele". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 21 April 2017.
  3. ^ Noah Webster (1884) A Practical Dictionary of the English Language
  4. ^
    ISBN 978-3-540-00238-3
    .
  5. ^ a b Linda T. Elkins-Tanton - Asteroids, Meteorites, and Comets (2010) - Page 96 (Google Books)
  6. ^ a b c d e Marsset et al. (2022) The equilibrium shape of (65) Cybele: primordial or relic of a large impact?
  7. ISSN 0019-1035
    . Retrieved 22 December 2017.
  8. Bibcode:1996A&AS..115..475S
    . Retrieved 22 December 2017.
  9. Bibcode:1990MPBu...17...34H
    . Retrieved 22 December 2017.
  10. doi:10.1016/0032-0633(94)00151-G
    . Retrieved 22 December 2017.
  11. ISSN 0019-1035
    . Retrieved 22 December 2017.
  12. ISSN 0019-1035
    . Retrieved 22 December 2017.
  13. Bibcode:1980A&A....91....1S
    . Retrieved 22 December 2017.
  14. ^ Behrend, Raoul. "Asteroids and comets rotation curves – (65) Cybele". Geneva Observatory. Retrieved 22 December 2017.
  15. ISSN 1052-8091
    . Retrieved 22 December 2017.
  16. ISSN 1052-8091
    . Retrieved 22 December 2017.
  17. ISSN 1052-8091
    . Retrieved 22 December 2017.
  18. ^
    doi:10.1093/pasj/63.5.1117. Retrieved 17 October 2019. (online, AcuA catalog p. 153
    )
  19. ^
    S2CID 18524619
    . Retrieved 21 April 2017.
  20. ^
    doi:10.3847/0004-6256/152/3/63
    .
  21. ^
    S2CID 9341381
    . Retrieved 19 October 2017.
  22. ^
    Bibcode:2004PDSS...12.....T
    . Retrieved 22 October 2019.
  23. ^ a b c d "LCDB Data for (65) Cybele". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). Retrieved 21 April 2017.
  24. ^
    ISSN 1052-8091
    . Retrieved 22 December 2017.
  25. S2CID 53493339
    . Retrieved 19 October 2017.
  26. ^ "IAUC 3439: 1979l; Occn OF AGK3 +19 599 BY (65)". IAU – Central Bureau for Astronomical Telegrams. 4 January 1980. Retrieved 21 April 2017.
  27. ^ Johnston, Robert (25 March 2017). "Asteroids with Satellites". johnstonsarchive.net. Retrieved 21 April 2017.
  28. ^ https://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/full_html/2023/02/aa43859-22/aa43859-22.html
  29. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201015339
    .
  30. ^ IOTA. "(65) Cybele 2008 Aug 24 profile". Archived from the original on 3 March 2012. Retrieved 2 December 2010.
  31. ^ Steve Preston. "(65) Cybele / 2UCAC 28838190 event on 2009 Oct 11, 01:30 UT". Retrieved 21 September 2009.[permanent dead link]

External links

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