ARCADE
 | |
| Alternative names | Absolute Radiometer for Cosmology, Astrophysics, and Diffuse Emission |
|---|---|
| First light | 2001  |
| Decommissioned | 2006 |
| Website | asd |
 Related media on Commons | |
Absolute Radiometer for Cosmology, Astrophysics, and Diffuse Emission (ARCADE) is a program which utilizes high-altitude balloon instrument package intended to measure the heating of the universe by the first stars and galaxies after the big bang and search for the signal of relic decay or annihilation. In July 2006 a strong residual radio source was found using the radiometer, approximately six times what is predicted by theory. This phenomenon is known as "space roar" and remains an unsolved problem in astrophysics.[1]
ARCADE has been funded by the NASA's Science Mission Directorate under the Astronomy and Physics Research and Analysis Suborbital Investigation program. The program is composed of a team led by Alan Kogut of NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center. ARCADE was launched from NASA's Columbia Scientific Balloon Facility in Palestine, Texas, conducted under the auspices of the Balloon Program Office at Wallops Flight Facility. The balloon flew to an altitude of 120,000 feet (37 km), viewing about 7% of the sky during its observations.[2]
The instrument is designed to detect radiation at centimeter wavelengths.
Residual emission
In 2011, the ARCADE 2 researchers reported, "Correcting for instrumental systematic errors in measurements such as ARCADE 2 is always a primary concern. We emphasize that we detect residual emission at 3 GHz with the ARCADE 2 data, but the result is also independently detected by a combination of low-frequency data and FIRAS."[6]
The ARCADE 2 science team came to the following conclusion concerning the unexpected residual emission at 3 GHz:
We conclude that the residual signature is due either to a diffuse extragalactic background of emission from discrete radio sources with properties somewhat different than the faint end of the distribution of known sources or to unmodeled residual emission from our own Galaxy. Although we believe the former to be more likely, we cannot exclude the latter explanation.[6]
Radio waves have frequencies from 30 Hz to 300 GHz. The term space roar has been used to indicate the hypothesis that the ARCADE 2 results indicate that the actual faint end of the emission distribution of known sources is significantly different from the expected value predicted by the Lambda-CDM model given the known sources of emission.
See also
- List of cosmic microwave background experiments
- Cosmic microwave background radiation
References
- ^ "NASA Balloon Mission Tunes in to a Cosmic Radio Mystery". NASA. January 7, 2009.
- ^ Reddy, Francis (January 7, 2009). "NASA Balloon Mission Tunes in to a Cosmic Radio Mystery". NASA.
- S2CID 18757986.
- ^ "ARCADE Instrument Summary". Goddard Space Flight Center, NASA.
- ^ "Stupid Dewar Tricks". Goddard Space Flight Center, NASA.
- ^ .