Aleksey Shakhmatov

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Aleksey Shakhmatov
Алексей Шахматов
Born(1864-06-17)17 June 1864
Narva, Saint Petersburg Governorate, Russian Empire
Died16 August 1920(1920-08-16) (aged 56)
Petrograd, Russian SFSR (now St. Petersburg)
Resting placeVolkovo Cemetery
Alma materMoscow State University
Occupation(s)philologist, historian
Known forscience of textology

Aleksey Aleksandrovich Shakhmatov (Russian: Алексе́й Алекса́ндрович Ша́хматов, 17 June [O.S. 5 June] 1864 – 16 August 1920) was a Russian philologist and historian credited with laying the foundations for the science of textology.[1] Shakhmatov held the title of Doctor of Russian language and philology (since 1894).[2] He was a full member of the Russian Academy of Sciences (before 1917 the Saint Petersburg Academy of Sciences) since 1899 and a chair of the Department of Russian language and philology of the Academy of Sciences (1908–1920), a member of the Constitutional Democratic Party (1905) and the Russian Empire State Council (1906–1911).[2]

Biography

Born in

Old Russian language and literature at an early age. At the age of 16, his articles started to appear in the most authoritative journal of Slavic studies of that time, the Archive of Slavic Philology (German: Archiv für slavische Philologie).[citation needed
]

Shakhmatov furthered his education at the

Novgorod charters. In 1891 he became so enthusiastic about zemstvo that he gave up his scholarly pursuits for three years and held a minor administrative office in his native village.[citation needed
]

In 1894, Shakhmatov returned to Moscow and won great acclaim for his PhD

State Council of Imperial Russia and Imperial State Duma.[citation needed
]

In 1909, Shakhmatov moved to work at

Berlin University, Polish Academy of Sciences, and many other scholarly societies.[citation needed
]

1917 Revolution

Shakhmatov's grave in Volkovo Cemetery, Saint Petersburg

Shakhmatov participated in the

Bolsheviks in 1918, and his orthography is still used to this day. Shakhmatov refused to leave Petrograd for the West, a fatal decision that led to his premature death from malnutrition and exhaustion in 1920. The Academy subsequently cherished his memory and instituted a special Shakhmatov Prize, to be awarded "for the best works in source science, textology and linguistics".[citation needed
]

Works

Shakhmatov is an author of several works in phonetics, dialectology, lexicography, syntax, history of East Slavic languages, modern Russian literary language, history of East Slavic people, history of Old Russian literature, Slavic accentology.[2] In his monographies "Research in a field of the Russian phonetics" (Исследования в области русской фонетики, 1894), "To the history of sounds in the Russian language" (К истории звуков русского языка, 1903), and others, Shakhmatov set a goal to restore the All-Russian pronunciation in all of its phonetical details by way of juxtaposition of old and modern eastern Slavic dialects with involving of data from other Slavic languages.[2]

Shakhmatov is best remembered for having pioneered textological research of early Russian chronicles, notably the Primary Chronicle. He established with a great degree of precision the stages of evolution of that key document, even attempting to reconstruct the postulated proto-version of Nestor's chronicle. His research proved seminal for subsequent generations of historians.[citation needed]

Shakhmatov was also responsible for publication and pioneering studies of minor or derelict Slavic languages. His studies of Slavic

Celts, a hypothesis that was subsequently discarded. In particular, Shakhmatov was convinced that Prekmurje Slovene, spoken in Prekmurje and the Slovene March, contains Celtic elements due to its front rounded vowels ü and ö. In fact, Prekmurje Slovene is simply a dialect of Slovene, and the sounds ü and ö are common in other dialects of Slovene, such as in Prlekija and some parts of Carinthia. Hungarian nationalists employed this theory of Shakhmatov against the Slovenes as part of magyarization of the Slovene March.[3]

References

  1. ^ "Шахматов Алексей Александрович". Great Soviet Encyclopedia.
  2. ^ a b c d Aristov, V. Aleksei Aleksandrovich Shakhmatov (ШАХМАТОВ ОЛЕКСІЙ ОЛЕКСАНДРОВИЧ). Encyclopedia of History of Ukraine. 2013
  3. ^ Quelques remarques sur la brochure intitulée: La question du Prekmurje étudiée et présentée par M. Slavič. Par I. Melich et S. Mikola. Budapest – 1919.
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