Alfred Lingard

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Alfred Lingard (1849 – 18 February 1938) was a British medical pathologist who worked on veterinary diseases in India, serving as an Imperial Bacteriologist from 1890 to 1907. He was the founding director of the Imperial Bacteriological Laboratory in Mukteswar (which later became part of the Indian Veterinary Research Institute) to produce anthrax and rinderpest vaccines.

Life and work

The Imperial Bacteriological Laboratory in Mukteshwar, c. 1913

Lingard received a medical degree in 1873, an

George Gaffky, and Pfeiffer. His early work was on Surra disease of horses. Surra was a form of trypanosomiasis and among Lingard's experiments were (unsuccessful) trials of Fowler's solution (Arsphenamine).[2][3] After the move to Mukteswar the main work was the search for a rinderpest vaccine. The work began in 1897. The original laboratory was burnt and destroyed in a fire on 27 September 1899.[4][5]

Lingard (seated at left) with Koch, Pfeiffer, and Gaffky. 1897, Mukteshwar.

Apart from writing on bacteriology, Lingard also translated many works from French to English. Lingard was a Fellow of the Royal Microscopical Society, a member of the Pathological Society of London, the British Medical Association, the Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland and the Society for Anthropology, Paris. He was also enlisted in the Middlesex Rifle Volunteers. As an animal physiologist, he held a license for vivisection and during the period when the anti-vivisection movement was at its peak, he was included as a target. A booklet noted that he had a "License for Vivisection in a building belonging to Mr. George Lacey, 213, Wandsworth Road, S.W., and situated in the Stag Yard, opposite side of the Wandsworth Road to the above address in 1883. Certificate dispensing with obligation to kill. No experiments returned 1883."[6] Another activist who opposed "Loathsome Feeding" noted that "Dr. Klein and Mr. A. Lingard actually fed fowls upon the putrid lungs of human beings, to see if it were possible thus to communicate to them the consumption of which the human patients died."[7]

J.D.E. Holmes succeeded him as Imperial Bacteriologist in 1907.[8]

References

  1. ^ Shilston, A.W. (1916). "Protective inoculation of stock in India". The Agricultural Journal of India. 11: 112-133.
  2. ^ Sneader, Walter (2005). Drug Discovery: A History. John Wiley and Sons. p. 49.
  3. PMID 29003793
    .
  4. ^ "Supplement. Imperial Veterinary Research Institute 1890-1940. Golden Jubilee" (PDF). Indian Farming. 1 (11). 1940. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2019-01-25. Retrieved 2019-01-25.
  5. ^ Holmes, J.D.E. (1913). A description of the Imperial Bacteriological Laboratory, Muktesar : its work and products. Calcutta: Superintendent of Government Printing.
  6. ^ Bryan, Benjamin, ed. (1884). The Vivisectors' Directory. London: Victoria Street Society for the Protection of Animals from Vivisection. p. 70.
  7. ^ Rhodes, G.M., ed. (1893). The Nine Circles or the torture of the Innocent being records of vivisection, English and Foreign. London: Society for the Protection of Animals from Vivisection. p. 80.
  8. ^ Holmes, J.D.E. (1913). A description of the Imperial Bacteriological Laboratory, Muktesar : its work and products. Calcutta: Superintendent of Government Printing.
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