Alice (programming language)

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Alice ML is a

Alice extends Standard ML in a number of ways that distinguish it from its predecessor. Alice provides concurrency features as part of the base language through the use of a future type that represents a value being provided by an independent thread of execution. A thread that uses a future value will block on an attempt to access the value until the thread performing it has completed the computation. A related concept is also provided termed a promise, allowing a thread to provide a future value that it will compute to another thread. Future and promise typed variables are used to implement data-flow synchronizing.

Like the

The Alice implementation from Saarland University uses the Simple Extensible Abstract Machine (SEAM)

Early versions of Alice ran on the Mozart Programming System (Oz) virtual machine (VM), allowing interfacing between Alice and Oz code.

Alice's remote procedure calling depends on the virtual machine, because it may send code to be computed from one computer to another.

Example

Alice extends Standard ML with several primitives for lazy evaluation and concurrency. For example, threads may be created using the spawn

 fun fib 0 = 0
   | fib 1 = 1
   | fib n = fib(n-1) + fib(n-2);

For large values of n, fib n will take a long time to compute. This computation can be performed in a separate thread by

 val x = spawn fib n;

The variable x is now bound to a so-called future. When an operation requires the value of x, it blocks until the thread is done with the computation. To exploit parallelism one could even define fib as follows:

 fun fib 0 = 0
   | fib 1 = 1
   | fib n = spawn fib(n-1) + fib(n-2);

See also

• Oz (programming language)

References

External links

• Official website
• Multiple publications about Alice ML and its concepts