Allative case

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In

Latin allāt-, afferre "to bring to") is a type of locative grammatical case. The term allative is generally used for the lative case
in the majority of languages that do not make finer distinctions.

Finnish

In the Finnish language (Uralic language), the allative is the fifth of the locative cases, with the basic meaning of "onto". Its ending is -lle, for example pöytä (table) and pöydälle (onto the top of the table). In addition, it is the logical complement of the adessive case for referring to "being around the place". For example, koululle means "to the vicinity of the school". With time, the use is the same: ruokatunti (lunch break) and ... lähti ruokatunnille ("... left to the lunch break"). Some actions require the case, e.g. kävely - mennä kävelylle "a walk - go for a walk". It also means "to" or "for", for example minä (me) and minulle (to/for me).

The other locative cases in Finnish and Estonian are these:

Baltic languages

In the

sentence to death"), rudeniop ("towards autumn"), vakarop ("towards the evening"), Latvian mājup ("towards home"), kalnup ("uphill"), lejup ("downhill").[citation needed
]

Greek

In

enclitic,[1] e.g. te-qa-de, *Tʰēgʷasde, "to Thebes" (Linear B: 𐀳𐀣𐀆). This ending survives into Ancient Greek in words such as Athḗnaze,[2]
from accusative Athḗnās + -de.

Hebrew

In Biblical Hebrew (more common in Classical Biblical Hebrew than in Late Biblical Hebrew)[3] the "directional he", "locative he" or he locale,[4] in the form of ־ָה‎ /-ɔh/ suffixed to nouns (often place names) also functions as an allative marker, usually translated as 'to' or 'toward'.[5] The directional he appears in later phases of the Hebrew language in expressions such as מעלה‎ (upwards) and הביתה‎ (homeward).[3]

Wanyi

Australian language, has the allative suffixes -kurru/wurru
.

Latin

The Latin accusative of towns and small islands is used for motion towards[6] in a way that is analogous to the allative case.

Udmurt

In the Udmurt language, words inflected with the allative (often called "approximative" in Permic languages) case ending "-лань" /ɫɑɲ/ express the direction of a movement.

Further reading

  • Karlsson, Fred (2018). Finnish - A Comprehensive Grammar. London and New York: Routledge.
    ISBN 978-1-138-82104-0
    .
  • Anhava, Jaakko (2015). "Criteria For Case Forms in Finnish and Hungarian Grammars". journal.fi. Helsinki: Finnish Scholarly Journals Online.

References

  1. ^ Ventris, Michael and John Chadwick. Documents in Mycenaean Greek
  2. Perseus Project
    .
  3. ^
    JSTOR 27913754
    .
  4. JSTOR 43718217
    .
  5. ^ Waltke, Bruce, and Michael O'Connor, Introduction to Biblical Hebrew Syntax (Winonana Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 1990), 185-86.
  6. ^ Allen and Greenough, sect. 427
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