Alumbrados
The alumbrados (Spanish pronunciation:
Background
Beliefs
The alumbrados held that the human
In 1525, the Inquisition issued an
Historical cases
A labourer's daughter known as
Henry Charles Lea, in his A History of the Inquisition in Spain, mentions, among the more extravagant alumbrados, a priest from Seville named Fernando Méndez, who had acquired a special reputation for sanctity: "he taught his disciples to invoke his intercession, as though he were already a saint in heaven; fragments of his garments were treasured as relics; he gathered a congregation of beatas and, after mass in his oratory, they would strip off their garments and dance with indecent vigor – drunk with the love of God – and, on some of his female penitents, he would impose the penance of lifting their skirts and exposing themselves before him."[5] Méndez died before the Inquisition could bring him to trial.
Ignatius of Loyola, while studying at Salamanca in 1527, was brought before an ecclesiastical commission on a charge of sympathy with the alumbrados, but escaped with an admonition. Miguel de Molinos was also accused of sympathy owing to some similarities between his book The Spiritual Guide and the teachings of the early alumbrados, Isabel de la Cruz and Pedro Ruiz de Alcaraz.
A later case happened between the end of the 17th century and the beginning of the 18th century in
Correction
Their correction, by Inquisitional standards, was not particularly severe. Those convicted of engaging in the mystical practices and heresy of the alumbrados were not executed, few endured long-term sentences, and most were tried only after they managed to acquire large congregations in Toledo or Salamanca. Not all, however, were so fortunate. In 1529 a congregation of naïve adherents at Toledo were subjected to whippings and imprisonment. Greater rigors followed, and for about a century alleged connection with the alumbrados sent many to the Inquisition, especially at Córdoba. In spite of this determined action, however, the heresy maintained itself until the middle of the 17th century.[2] The connection of later alumbrados, whose practices varied in different places, to the original alumbrados, Isabella de la Cruz and Pedro Ruiz del Alcaraz, is debatable, but the continuing influence of their teachings is not improbable.
Footnotes
- ^ a b Menéndez y Pelayo, Marcelino (1880). Historia de los heterodoxos españoles. Madrid. pp. II, 521–585, III, 403–408.
- ^ a b c Weber, Nicholas. "Illuminati (Alumbrados.)". Archived from the original on 17 March 2009. Retrieved 2009-04-04.
- ^ Homza, Lu Ann (editor and translator). The Spanish Inquisition 1478–1614: An Anthology of Sources. Indianapolis, IN: Hackett Publishing Company, 2006, pp. 80–92.
- ^ Huerga, Álvaro. "Los pre-alumbrados y la Beata de Piedrahíta", Historia de la Iglesia, Vol. XVII. Valencia: EDICEP, 1974, pp. 529–533. (In Spanish)
- ^ Lea, Henry Charles. A History of the Inquisition of Spain, Vol. 4, Book 8, Chapter 5, pp. 29–30.
- ^ a b Los conventos de La Orotava. Manuel Hernández González.
- ^ a b Los 4 místicos tinerfeños
References
- Menéndez y Pelayo, Marcelino (1880). Historia de los heterodoxos españoles. Madrid. pp. II, 521–585, III, 403–408.
- "Illuminati". The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 16. New York: The Encyclopedia Press. 1914.
Bibliography
- López de Rojas, Gabriel. Sectas y órdenes. Martínez Roca (2007). ISBN 978-84-270-3405-1
- Alastair Hamilton (1992). Heresy and Mysticism in Sixteenth-Century Spain: the Alumbrados. James Clarke. ISBN 978-0-227-67921-0. Retrieved 31 January 2013.