Ambroise Paré
Ambroise Paré | |
---|---|
William Holl | |
Born | 1510 Bourg-Hersent near Laval , France |
Died | 20 December 1590 Paris, France | (aged 79–80)
Nationality | French |
Citizenship | France |
Known for | His contributions to surgery |
Scientific career | |
Fields | Barber Surgery |
Ambroise Paré (c. 1510 – 20 December 1590) was a French
In his personal notes about the care he delivered to Captain Rat, in the Piémont campaign (1537–1538), Paré wrote: Je le pansai, Dieu le guérit ("I bandaged him and God healed him"). This epitomises a philosophy that he used throughout his career.[1][2] These words, inscribed on his statue in Laval, are reminiscent of the Latin adage medicus curat, natura sanat, "The physician cures, nature heals".
Early life
Paré was born in 1510 in Bourg-Hersent, later incorporated into
Medicine
Paré was a keen observer and did not allow the beliefs of the day to supersede the evidence at hand. In his autobiographical book, Journeys in Diverse Places, Paré inadvertently practised the scientific method when he returned the following morning to a battlefield. He compared one group of patients who were treated in the traditional manner with boiling
Paré also reintroduced the
In 1542, during the siege of Perpignan, Paré, accompanying the French army, employed a novel technique to aid in bullet extraction. During a battle, Maréchal de Brissac was wounded, having been shot in the shoulder. When finding the bullet seemed impossible, Paré had the idea to ask the victim to put himself in the exact position he was in when shot. The bullet was then found and removed by Henry's personal surgeon, Nicole Lavernault.[11]
Paré was also an important figure in the progress of obstetrics in the middle of the 16th century. He revived the practice of podalic version, and showed how even in cases of head presentation, surgeons with this operation could often deliver the infant safely, instead of having to dismember the infant and extract the infant piece by piece. During his time at the Hôtel-Dieu, Paré directly influenced the education of future royal midwife Louise Boursier.[12]
Paré also introduced the lancing of infants' gums using a
Paré was ably seconded by his pupil Jacques Guillemeau, who translated his work into Latin, and at a later period himself wrote a treatise on midwifery. An English translation of it was published in 1612 with the title Childbirth; or, The Happy Delivery of Women.
In 1552, Paré was accepted into royal service of the
According to Henri IV's chief minister
A collection of Paré's works (he published these separately throughout his life, based on his experiences treating soldiers on the battlefield) was published at Paris in 1575. They were frequently reprinted, several editions appeared in German and Dutch, and among the English translations was that of Thomas Johnson (1634).[18]
Bezoar stone experiment
In 1567, Ambroise Paré described an experiment to test the properties of bezoar stones. At the time, the stones were commonly believed to be able to cure the effects of any poison, but Paré believed this to be impossible. It happened that a cook at Paré's court was caught stealing fine silver cutlery, and was condemned to be hanged. The cook agreed to be poisoned instead, on the condition that he would be given a bezoar straight after the poison and go free in case he survived. The stone did not cure him, and he died in agony seven hours after being poisoned. Thus Paré had proved that bezoars could not cure all poisons.[19]
Forensics
Paré's writings further include the results of his methodical studies on the effects of violent death on internal organs.[20][21] He also created and wrote, Reports in Court,[22] a procedure on the writing of legal reports in relation to medicine.[23] His writings and instructions are known as the beginning of modern forensic pathology.[20][21]
Prostheses
Paré contributed both to the practice of surgical amputation and the design of limb
Honours
Asteroid
See also
References
- ^ Jean-Pierre Poirier, Ambroise Paré, Paris, 2006, p. 42.
- ^ In 1522, near Metz, a citizen had been pierced by twelve sword thrusts and was left to die; but Paré was able to treat him: "I was his doctor, pharmacist, surgeon and cook: I bandaged him until the end of the treatment, and God healed him." (Jean-Michel Delacomptée, Ambroise Paré, La main savante, Gallimard, 2007, pp. 166–167.) originally from Voyage d'Allemagne, Œuvres, t. III, p. 698. Elsewhere Paré also wrote: "Preservation lies more in the divine providence than in the physician or surgeon’s advice." (Jean-Pierre Poirier, Ambroise Paré, Paris, 2006, p. 33.)
- ^ Paget, Stephen (1897). Ambroise Paré and his times, 1510-1590. G.P. Putnam's Sons. p. 11. Retrieved 20 April 2020.
- ^ Paget (1897), p. 14.
- ^ Paget (1897), p. 19.
- ^ Ambroise Paré, "A Surgeon in the Field," in The Portable Renaissance Reader, James Bruce Ross and Mary Martin McLaughlin, eds. (New York, Viking Penguin, 1981): 558–563.
- ^ Paget (1897), p. 26.
- ^ News.nationalgeographic.com
- S2CID 19610875.
- ^ Neonatology.org
- ^ Fabricio Cardenas, Vieux papiers des Pyrénées-Orientales, Ambroise Paré à Perpignan en 1542 , 13 February 2015
- ^ Dunn PM. "Louise Bourgeois (1563–1636): royal midwife of France." Archives of Disease in Childhood – Fetal and Neonatal Edition 2004;89:F185–F187. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/adc.2003.037929
- ^ "The lancet and the gum-lancet: 400 years of teething babies", Ann Dally, The Lancet, Volume 348, Issue 9043, 21–28 December 1996, Pages 1710–1711
- JSTOR 44209787.
- S2CID 1360187.
- ^ Mallon (1913), p. 343.
- ^ Paget (1897), pp. 251–254.
- ^ Paré, Ambroise (1691). The works of Ambrose Parey, chyrurgeon to Henry II. Francis II. Charles IX. and Henry III. Kings of France. : Wherein are contained an introduction to chirurgery in general : a discourse of animals, and of the excellency of man. The anatomy of man's body. A treatise of praeternatural tumors ... Illustrated with variety of figures, and the cuts of the most useful instruments in chirurgery. Recommended by the University of Paris to all students in physick and chirurgery, particularly such as practised in camps and the sea. Wellcome Library. London : Printed: and sold by Jos. Hindmarsh, at the Golden Ball over against the Royal Exchange in Cornhil.
- OCLC 1687048
- ^ a b "History of Forensics". The Discovery Channel. Retrieved 27 March 2011.
- ^ a b "Forensic History Timeline". American College of Forensic Examiners. Archived from the original on 8 February 2011. Retrieved 27 March 2011.
- ^ "History of Crime". Crimeline. Archived from the original on 18 January 2011. Retrieved 27 March 2011.
- ^ Thomas Spencer Baynes (1888). The Encyclopædia Britannica: a dictionary of arts, sciences, and general literature, Volume 15. H.G. Allen. Retrieved 27 March 2011.
- ^ "Prostheses by Ambroise Paré" drawings
- ^ Snyder, Charles (1963) "Ambroise Pare and Ocular Prosthesis" Archives of Ophthalmology 70(1): pp. 130–132
- ^ "259344 Pare (2003 GQ)". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 4 September 2019.
- ^ "MPC/MPO/MPS Archive". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 4 September 2019.
External links
- Works by Ambroise Paré at Open Library
- Statue of Ambroise Paré, Place du Jet d'eau in Laval, France
- Page through a virtual copy of Paré's Oeuvres
- Stephen Paget (1897), Ambroise Paré and His Times, 1510–1590, G.P. Putnam's sons. Bezoar stone story on pages 186–7. Paré not a huguenot on page 84
- Famous Surgeons in History