An Act against Plowing by the Tayle, and pulling the Wooll off living Sheep
Act of Parliament | |
Status: Repealed | |
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Text of statute as originally enacted |
An Act against Plowing by the Tayle, and pulling the Wooll off living Sheep (10 & 11 Chas. 1 c. 15 (I)) was an
Gaelic Irish. The committee for preparing acts (under Poynings' Law) on 26 July 1634 ordered the Attorney General and Solicitor-General to "make a draught of one or more Acts to be passed for restraining the barbaric custom of plowing by the tail, of pulling the wool off living sheep, of burning corn in the straw, of barking of standing trees, of cutting young trees by stealth, of forcing cows to give milk, and of building houses without chimneys
". One other act arose from this order: "An Act to Prevent the unprofitable Custom of Burning of Corne in the Straw" (10 & 11 Chas. 1 c. 17 (I)).
Ploughing by the tail
Especially in Ulster, the practice was to attach a short plough to a horse's tail. The simple plough was cheaper than one attached with a harness. The horse would stop in pain when the plough hit a rock, which made rocks less likely to damage the plough. In 1606, an
order in council prohibited the practice, with a fine of a garron. (The order was by royal prerogative: an "act of state" rather than an "act of Parliament".) The order was not enforced, and in 1612 Arthur Chichester, the Lord Deputy, mandated instead a fine of 10 shillings, selling a monopoly patent for £100 per year to Sir William Udale to collect the fines. Udale earned £870 the first year. Administrators complained that Udale was charging only 2s6d, so that the fine served as a fee rather than a deterrent.[1] In 1614 the Dublin Castle administration suggested the fines should be used to pay for better ploughs, or replaced with corporal punishment.[1]
Nevertheless, Udale's patent was renewed in 1623. Several petitioners from Ulster asked for the order's revocation.
Pulling of wool
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Enforcement and repeal
A bill to suspend the 1635 act for ten years was transmitted and approved by Charles I in 1641,Irish nationalists as propaganda.
References
Sources
- Primary
- Statutes Passed in the Parliaments Held in Ireland. Vol. 1: 1310-1662. George Grierson. 1794. pp. 301–302, 304–305. Retrieved 18 July 2017.
- The Journals of the House of Commons of the Kingdom of Ireland [JHCI] (PDF). Vol. 1. 1753. Retrieved 18 July 2017.
- Report of Commissioners: Patent Roll, 16 James I. part iii. f.; reprinted in Jervis-White-Jervis, Henry (1868). "The Rebellion of 1641". Ireland Under British Rule. Chapman and Hall. p. 160, fn.1. Retrieved 18 July 2017.
- Secondary
- Bagwell, Richard (1909). Ireland under the Stuarts and during the interregnum. Vol. 1: 1603–1642. London: Longmans, Green. pp. 124–125. Retrieved 18 July 2017.
- Beirne, Piers (16 July 2009). "Against cruelty? Understanding the Act Against Plowing by the Tayle (Ireland, 1635)". Confronting Animal Abuse: Law, Criminology, and Human-Animal Relationships. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. pp. 21–68. ISBN 9780742599741. Retrieved 18 July 2017.
- Blenkinsop, Adam; Gregory, William Henry (1847). Paddiana: Or, Scraps and Sketches of Irish Life, Present and Past. R. Bentley. pp. 245–251. Retrieved 18 July 2017.
- Ferguson, James F. (August 1855). "The "Short Ploughs" of the North of Ireland". The Gentleman's Magazine and Historical Review. Bradbury, Evans: 136–140. Retrieved 18 July 2017.
- ISBN 9781445531168. Retrieved 18 July 2017.
- Pinkerton, W. (1858). "Ploughing by the Horse's Tail". Ulster Journal of Archaeology. First Series, Vol. 6: 212–221. JSTOR 20608875. Retrieved 18 July 2017.
Citations
- ^ a b JHCI v.1 p.45
- ^ JHCI v.1 pp.210–211; 324–325
- ^ Evans, William David; Hammond, Anthony; Colpitts Granger, Thomas (1836). A Collection of Statutes Connected with the General Administration of the Law: Arranged According to the Order of Subjects, with Notes. W. H. Bond. p. 248. Retrieved 18 July 2017.
Further reading
- Evans, Estyn E. (1976). "Some problems of Irish ethnology: the example of ploughing by the tail". In Danaher, Kevin (ed.). Folk & Farm: essays in honour of A. T. Lucas. Dublin: Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland. pp. 30–39.
- Lucas, Anthony T. (1973–74). "Irish ploughing practices part 2". Tools and Tillage. 2 (2): 67–83.