Animal source foods

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Various raw meats
Dunlop cheese from Ayrshire, Scotland.

Animal source foods (ASF) include many

eggs and honey. Many individuals consume little ASF or even none for long periods of time by either personal choice or necessity, as ASF may not be accessible or available to these people.[1]

Nutrients in animal source foods

Six micronutrients are richly found in ASF:

iron deficiency, are irreversible.[citation needed
]

Micronutrient deficiency is associated in poor early cognitive development.[3] Programs designed to address these micronutrient deficiencies should be targeted to infants, children, and pregnant women. To address these significant micronutrient deficiencies, some global health researchers and practitioners developed and piloted a snack program in Kenya school children.[4]

Animal source food production

Further information:
Environmental effects of meat production, Fishery, and Environmental impact of fishing

According to a 2006

goats (for goat milk and meat) can also be environmentally quite friendly[how?] and has been favored by certain environmental activists, such as Mahatma Gandhi.[7]

The

environmental footprint and negative health impacts.[8] This report was challenged by Adegbola T. Adesogan and colleagues in 2020 who stated that it "fail[ed] to adequately include the experience of marginalized women and children in low- and middle-income countries whose diets regularly lack the necessary nutrients" and ASF offer the best source of nutrient rich food for children aged 6–23 months.[9]

Between 1990–2018, global intakes (servings per week) increased for processed meat, unprocessed red meat, cheese, eggs, milk and seafood.[10]

Health effects

Animal-source foods are a diverse group of foods that are rich in bioavailable nutrients including calcium, iron, zinc, vitamins B12, vitamin D, choline, DHA, and EPA.[11] Animal-source and plant-based foods have complimentary nutrient profiles and balanced diets containing both reduce the risk of nutritional deficiencies.[11] Animal-source foods such as eggs, fish, red meat and shellfish increase circulating TMAO concentrations.[12][13] Excess consumption of processed meat, red meat, and saturated fat increases non-communicable disease risk.[11]

Animal-source foods have been described as a suitable complementary food to improve growth in 6 to 24-month-old children in low and middle-income countries.[14]

A 2022 review of animal-source foods found that red meat but not fish or eggs increases risk of type 2 diabetes.[15] A 2023 review found that substituting animal-source with plant-based foods is associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality.[16]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c Murphy SP, Allen LH. (2003) Nutritional Importance of Animal Source Foods. J. Nutr. 133: 3932S-3935S.
  2. ^ Black, MM. (2003) Micronutrient Deficiencies and Cognitive Functioning. J. Nutr. 133: 3927S-3931S.
  3. ^ Black MM. (2003) Micronutrients and Cognitive Functioning. J Nutr.133: 3927S-3931S.
  4. ^ Siekmann JH, Allen LH, Bwibo NO, Demment MW, Murphy SP, Neumann CG (2003). Kenyan School Children Have Multiple Micronutrient Deficiencies, but Increased plasma vitamin B12 is the only detectable micronutrient response to meat or milk supplementation. J. Nutr. 133. 3972S-3980S.
  5. ^ LEAD digital library: Livestock’s long shadow - Environmental issues and options Archived 2014-08-06 at the Wayback Machine
  6. ^ Farralones Institute favoring rabbits and chicken, 1976
  7. ^ Gandhi, who favored the environmentally friendly goat and its produce Archived June 28, 2008, at the Wayback Machine
  8. S2CID 58657351.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link
    )
  9. doi:10.1016/j.gfs.2019.100325.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link
    )
  10. PMID 35278390.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link
    )
  11. ^
    PMID 36894234.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link
    )
  12. PMID 33826706.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link
    )
  13. S2CID 245710966.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link
    )
  14. PMID 35109944.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link
    )
  15. S2CID 252107061.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link
    )
  16. PMID 37968628.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link
    )
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