Apame (concubine)
Apame was first mentioned in 1 Esdras 4:29
Yet I have seen him with Apame, the king's concubine, the daughter of the illustrious Bartacus; she would sit at the king's right hand[1]
The preceding quotation is part of the Darius Contest interpolation.[2]: 20 Versions of the story, which include Apame are found in Josephus[3] and John Gower's Confessio Amantis.[4][5] Alcuin Blamire describes the "Darius Contest" as important in "the discourse of anti-misogyny."[6] The ""Darius contest" includes three versions which omit Apame.
Scholars differ as to the identity of the king mentioned in 1 Esdras 3.4 and other sources. Josephus 3.1 says the king is the son (
Darius I) of Hystaspes. Vanderkam[7] also favours Darius I. Gower (vii.1889) changes the king’s name to Cirus (Cyrus the Great). Cook suggests the names may not refer to historical characters.[8]: 5 If real characters are the source, the candidates are Darius I [7] or Darius III[8]: 31 [9] or Darius III.[2]: 41 There are two theories as to the source for Apame. Coggins and Knibb[10] suggest a Persian name such as Apama or Apama II. Torrey suggests "we must look either to Egypt or Antioch."[2]
: 41
References
- ^ "Bible, Revised Standard Version". quod.lib.umich.edu.
- ^ a b c Charles C.Torrey (1910). Ezra Studies.
- ^ Josephus. "3.5". Antiquities of the Jews.
- ^ John Gower. "VII.1884-1899". Confessio Amantis.
- ^ translation is at Richard Brodie; Ellin Anderson (2009). "John Gower's Confessio Amantis Modern English version".
- ISBN 978-0-19-818630-4.
- ^ ISBN 978-0802846419.
- ^ a b S. A. Cook (1913). "1 Esdras INTRODUCTION". In R. H. Charles (ed.). THE APOCRYPHA AND PSEUDEPIGRAPHA OF THE OLD TESTAMENT IN ENGLISH.
- ISBN 5874774432.
- ISBN 9780521097574.
- JSTOR 3780619.
- ^ Hendrick Goltzius. "Apame usurps the king's crown".