BRD Trilogy
The BRD Trilogy (
Films
The Marriage of Maria Braun
Veronika Voss
Veronika Voss (1982) depicts the twilight years of film actress Veronika Voss in stark black-and-white. A sports reporter becomes enthralled by the unbalanced actress and discovers that she is under the power of a villainous doctor who keeps her addicted to opiates in order to steal her wealth. Despite his best attempts, he is unable to save her from a terrible end. The original German title, Die Sehnsucht der Veronika Voss, translates as "The longing of Veronika Voss".
Lola
Background and structure
Fassbinder had the idea of making a series of films that focus on West Germany during the "economic miracle" of the 1950s. The main characters are all women, representing different people in different circumstances. Fassbinder developed the original treatments and stories, but Peter Märthesheimer wrote the detailed scripts for the films. He had worked with Fassbinder as a commissioning producer and script editor of some of his TV projects, with the help of his then partner Pea Fröhlich.
The films were shot and released in a slightly different order from their accepted numbering. Maria Braun, released in 1979, is the earliest in terms of both production and the chronology of the plot, beginning in 1945, but became part of the trilogy only retrospectively, when Fassbinder added the caption "BRD 3" to Lola in 1981. Veronika Voss, released a year later, included the caption "BRD 2" and is set in a slightly earlier period than Lola. Fassbinder did not intend the series to end as a trilogy but his plans to make further films in the same mould were cut short by his death.
The
in September 2003.Unifying elements
Aside from Fassbinder's intention to make films about West Germany after World War II and during the "economic miracle", there are other threads that tie the three films together. One is the issue of "forgetting the past for the sake of moving to a brighter future". All the films' main characters are trying to overcome their circumstances, largely created by past experiences. Fassbinder depicts West Germany in the 1950s and afterward as attempting to forget its Nazi period, even allowing former Nazi officials to hold political power, and move ahead as a country, regaining international respectability and prestige. The painful past is neither acknowledged nor confronted.
A second parallel is the question of who exactly benefited from West Germany's economic progress. Fassbinder's view was that some Germans advanced during the "economic miracle" but others fell. For everyone who has a better life (more wealth, security, and peace), someone else suffers and loses. Veronika Voss is an example of someone who does not benefit, because her acting career was most prominent during the Third Reich. Maria Braun tries to advance economically for her and her husband's sakes, but hurts others in the process and in the end is emotionally distant from her husband and her family. Lola tries to take advantage of economic progress and use her position for advancement, but others who surround her attempt the same, with mixed results.
An additional commonality is the inclusion of
Each film has a distinctive style (especially in its
External links
- The Rainer Werner Fassbinder Foundation
- Heartbreak House: Fassbinder's BRD Trilogy an essay by Kent Jones at the Criterion Collection