Balagansk
Balagansk
Балаганск | |
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Work settlement[1] | |
Postal code(s)[7] | |
OKTMO ID | 25601151051 |
Website | balagansk |
Balagansk (
On three sides of Balagansk is the Bratsk Reservoir. The settlement is best known for Balagansk Prison, which was used as one of the Siberian exile camps during the Stalin era.
History
Balagansk was founded in 1654 on the left bank of the Angara River opposite to the mouth of the Unga River by the Cossack detachment led by Dmitry Firsov in the course of Russian colonization of Siberia. Its name is derived from the word "Bulagat", literally meaning sable hunters, a Buryat tribe.[11] From 1655, mass settlement started in the area; eventually, a colony was built and iron mining developed.[2][12] In 1658, Ivan Pokhabov, the administrator (prikazchik) of Balagansk, caused an outbreak and many Russians were killed by them.[12] Balagansk Fortress (ostrog) was built in Balagansk; the Buryats were attached to it and paid tributes to the Russians.[13] Buryats grew to dominate the area and on April 1, 1818, seventeen clans of the Balagansk Buryats met and adopted a memorandum to submit to the Russian authorities. In their memorandum they raised six issues and also provided action to be taken on each of them which related to courts, private law, criminal law, the rights and duties of the chief Taisha and heads of clans.[14]
In the course of the
In the 19th and the 20th centuries, Balagansk, along with all Siberian towns, was widely used for political exile.
During the construction of Bratsk Hydroelectric Power Station, Balagansk had to be evacuated as it was slated to be submerged under water. A new settlement, Novobalagansk (literally, New Balagansk), was founded in 1957 several dozens kilometers north of the original location of Balagansk to house the residents. The name passed to the new settlement, when it was renamed Balagansk and granted urban-type settlement status on June 5, 1962.[19] In the same year, Balagansky District was abolished,[11] and the settlement was transferred to Zalarinsky District, in 1965 to Ust-Udinsky District, and in 1989 Balagansky District was established, and Balagansk became the administrative center of the district.[2]
Geography
Balagansk is situated on the left bank of the Angara River at the average elevation of 427 metres (1,401 ft). A grotto is located near Balagansk. It is a natural cave or opening whose entrance is formed in a rock face that is 21 m (70 ft) in height with a width of about 55 m (180 ft). When viewed from a distance, it appears to be ruins. In the large opening there are three caverns which lead into three large galleries, each of which is about 320 m (1,050 ft) in length. These join at the end to form a larger cavern which extends further for some distance and terminates at a dead end of a huge mass of ice.[20]
Climate and vegetation
During the
Balagansk has a subarctic climate (Köppen climate classification Dfc). Winters are very cold and long while summers are warm and wet. Average monthly temperatures range from +18.7 °C (65.7 °F) in July to −23.9 °C (−11.0 °F) in January. Precipitation is moderate and is significantly higher in summer than at other times of the year.
Climate data for Balagansk (normals 1953–2011) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 0.1 (32.2) |
4.8 (40.6) |
13.6 (56.5) |
23.9 (75.0) |
30.7 (87.3) |
36.0 (96.8) |
36.2 (97.2) |
33.8 (92.8) |
28.9 (84.0) |
20.0 (68.0) |
10.6 (51.1) |
3.4 (38.1) |
36.2 (97.2) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −19.9 (−3.8) |
−16.2 (2.8) |
−5.4 (22.3) |
6.9 (44.4) |
16.4 (61.5) |
23.1 (73.6) |
25.2 (77.4) |
22.1 (71.8) |
14.9 (58.8) |
5.9 (42.6) |
−6.5 (20.3) |
−16.3 (2.7) |
4.3 (39.7) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | −24.9 (−12.8) |
−22.3 (−8.1) |
−12.5 (9.5) |
0.2 (32.4) |
8.5 (47.3) |
15.7 (60.3) |
18.5 (65.3) |
15.6 (60.1) |
8.4 (47.1) |
0.4 (32.7) |
−11.1 (12.0) |
−21.0 (−5.8) |
−1.9 (28.6) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −29.4 (−20.9) |
−27.5 (−17.5) |
−18.5 (−1.3) |
−5.2 (22.6) |
1.8 (35.2) |
9.1 (48.4) |
12.7 (54.9) |
10.2 (50.4) |
3.4 (38.1) |
−3.9 (25.0) |
−15.4 (4.3) |
−25.5 (−13.9) |
−7.2 (19.0) |
Record low °C (°F) | −47 (−53) |
−45.5 (−49.9) |
−42.8 (−45.0) |
−33.4 (−28.1) |
−10.6 (12.9) |
−3.9 (25.0) |
0.0 (32.0) |
0.0 (32.0) |
−8.9 (16.0) |
−24 (−11) |
−36.1 (−33.0) |
−48.9 (−56.0) |
−48.9 (−56.0) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 27.0 (1.06) |
28.4 (1.12) |
32.6 (1.28) |
22.6 (0.89) |
37.8 (1.49) |
45.4 (1.79) |
72.7 (2.86) |
62.2 (2.45) |
38.5 (1.52) |
21.3 (0.84) |
17.4 (0.69) |
23.0 (0.91) |
428.9 (16.89) |
Average precipitation days | 16.3 | 11.9 | 8.9 | 8.6 | 9.6 | 10.8 | 9.0 | 10.9 | 11.9 | 12.8 | 17.1 | 19.0 | 146.8 |
Average relative humidity (%)
|
81.2 | 79.9 | 74.4 | 64.2 | 60.1 | 69.5 | 75.8 | 78.3 | 77.1 | 74.4 | 80.0 | 83.7 | 74.9 |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 102.3 | 134.4 | 220.1 | 255.0 | 272.8 | 273.0 | 251.1 | 241.8 | 189.0 | 136.4 | 93.0 | 74.4 | 2,243.3 |
Source: Climatebase.ru |
Economy
Industry
The economy of Balagansk is based on timber and food industries.[22] 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) south of Balagansk, there is a quarry which supplies clay for brick production.[11]
Transportation
The settlement is connected by road with
Culture
The tomb of Władysław Anielewski, a Polish social-democrat who died in 1898, at the old cemetery in Balagansk is protected as a cultural monument of federal significance.[23]
References
Notes
- ^ a b c d e f Law #49-OZ
- ^ a b c d e Историческая справка о Балаганском городском поселении с 1654—2007 гг. (in Russian). Администрация посёлка Балаганск. Archived from the original on 12 August 2012. Retrieved 29 January 2013.
- ^ a b Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1 [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года [2010 All-Russia Population Census] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.
- ^ "26. Численность постоянного населения Российской Федерации по муниципальным образованиям на 1 января 2018 года". Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved 23 January 2019.
- ^ a b c d Law #64-oz
- ^ "Об исчислении времени". Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации (in Russian). 3 June 2011. Retrieved 19 January 2019.
- ^ Почта России. Информационно-вычислительный центр ОАСУ РПО. (Russian Post). Поиск объектов почтовой связи (Postal Objects Search) (in Russian)
- ^ Geochemistry International. Scripta Publishing Company. 2005. p. 160. Retrieved 29 January 2013.
- ^ Federal State Statistics Service (21 May 2004). Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000] (XLS). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian).
- ^ Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров [All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers]. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года [All-Union Population Census of 1989] (in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. 1989 – via Demoscope Weekly.
- ^ a b c d Балаганский район: земля с сибирским характером. Komsomolskaya Pravda (in Russian). October 2, 2012.
- ^ ISBN 978-1-60520-133-7. Retrieved 29 January 2013.
- ^ Michael, Henry N. (1962). Studies in Siberian ethnogenesis. Published for the Arctic Institute of North America by University of Toronto Press. p. 81. Retrieved 29 January 2013.
- ISBN 978-0-7007-0380-7. Retrieved 29 January 2013.
- ^ The Survey: Social, Charitable, Civic : a Journal of Constructive Philanthropy. Charity Organization Society of the City of New York. 1915. Retrieved 3 January 2013.
- ^ ALCE STONE BLACKWELL (1918). The Little Grandmother Of The Russian Revolution Reminiscences And Letters Of Catherine Breshkovsky. Retrieved 3 January 2013.
- ISBN 978-0-297-86384-7. Retrieved 29 January 2013.
- ISBN 978-1-108-04823-1. Retrieved 29 January 2013.
- ^ Мельхеев, М.Н. Географические названия Восточной Сибири (in Russian). Природа Байкала. Retrieved 2 February 2013.
- ^ Reuben Percy; John Timbs (1825). The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and Instruction. J. Limbird. pp. 351–. Retrieved 3 January 2013.
- ^ Konstantin Pavlovich Gorshenin (1961). The soils of southern Siberia: from the Urals to the Baikal. Israel Program for Scientific Translations. Retrieved 3 January 2013.
- ^ Балаганск (in Russian). Сибирский летописец. Retrieved 29 January 2013.
- ^ Могила В. Анелевского - участника революционного движения в Польше, делегата на 1 конрессе Второго Интернационала от рабочих России (in Russian). Минкультуры России. Archived from the original on 19 August 2016. Retrieved 29 January 2013.
Sources
- Законодательное Собрание Иркутской области. Закон №49-ОЗ от 21 июня 2010 г. «Об административно-территориальном устройстве Иркутской области», в ред. Закона №12-ОЗ от 23 марта 2017 г. «О внесении изменений в статьи 25 и 33 Закона Иркутской области "Об административно-территориальном устройстве Иркутской области" и Закон Иркутской области "О порядке рассмотрения Законодательным Собранием Иркутской области предложений о присвоении наименований географическим объектам и (или) о переименовании географических объектов"». Вступил в силу после дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Областная", №71, 25 июня 2010 г. (Legislative Assembly of Irkutsk Oblast. Law #49-OZ of June 21, 2010 On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Irkutsk Oblast, as amended by the Law #12-OZ of March 23, 2017 On Amending Articles 25 and 33 of the Law of Irkutsk Oblast "On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Irkutsk Oblast" and the Law of Irkutsk Oblast "On the Procedures for Consideration of Assignments of Names to Geographical Objects and (or) Renaming of Geographical Objects". Effective as of after the day of the official publication.).
- Законодательное Собрание Иркутской области. Закон №64-оз от 2 декабря 2004 г. «О статусе и границах муниципальных образований Балаганского района Иркутской области». Вступил в силу с 31 декабря 2004 г., но не ранее чем через 10 дней со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Восточно-Сибирская правда", №248–249, 14 декабря 2004 г. (Legislative Assembly of Irkutsk Oblast. Law #64-oz of December 2, 2004 On the Status and Borders of the Municipal Formations of Balagansky District of Irkutsk Oblast. Effective as of December 31, 2004, but not earlier than 10 days after the official publication date.).