Baodun culture
Hanyu Pinyin | Bǎodūn wénhuà | |
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The Baodun culture (2700 BC – 1700 BC) was a Neolithic culture centered on the Chengdu Plain in Sichuan, China.
Dates
Archaeologists have divided the culture into four phases (I-IV).[2] The only radiocarbon dates for the Baodun Culture come from Bianduishan.[3] Two dates were calibrated using CalPal software to 2467 ± 347 BC and 1993 ± 335 BC.[4]
Sites
Ten settlements from the culture have been found.
All of the settlements straddle the
The site at Yufu is also surrounded by two walls: The inner wall covers and area of around 25 ha (250,000 m2), while the outer wall covers and area of around 40 ha (400,000 m2).[2] The site at Mangcheng is also surrounded by two, pounded earth walls: the inner wall covers an area of around 7.2 ha (72,000 m2), while the outer wall covers an area of around 10.5 ha (105,000 m2).[2] The majority of buildings were made from wattle and daub technology.[5] The site at Gucheng is surrounded by a wall enclosing an area of around 30.4 ha (304,000 m2).[2] The sites at Zizhu and Shuanghe are also surrounded by double walls.[2]
Baodun
The Baodun type site was discovered in 1950.
| Site | Total wall length (in m) | Estimated volume of the wall (in m³) | Labor at 1 m³/person/day (in person-years) | Labor at 2 m³/person/day (in person-years) | Labor at 3 m³/person/day (in person-years) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baodun | 3,200 | 243,200 | 666 | 333 | 222 |
| Baodun (outer wall) | >5,200 | c. 130,000 | 356 | 178 | 119 |
| Mangcheng | 1,900 | 47,500 | 130 | 65 | 43 |
| Shuanghe | 2,800 | 108,750 | 298 | 149 | 99 |
| Gucheng | 2,220 | 116,550 | 319 | 160 | 106 |
| Yufu | 2,000 | 45,000 | 123 | 62 | 41 |
Agriculture
Rice and foxtail millet were both grown at Baodun, with rice dominating.
Rice has also been found at Mangcheng.[10]
See also
- List of Neolithic cultures of China
- Jinsha
- Sanxingdui
- Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors
- Xia dynasty
Notes
- ^ a b c d e f Guedes 2013.
- ^ a b c d e f g Flad 2013.
- ^ Zhongguo 1991.
- ^ Flad & Chen 2013, p. 80.
- ^ Flad & Chen 2013.
- ProQuest 1824187163.
- ^ Flad & Chen 2013, p. 86-87.
- ^ Flad & Chen 2013, p. 74.
- ^ Hu, Chuan-an. "estimated labor required for the production of walls around the Baodun Culture sites".
- ^ Flad & Chen 2013, p. 177.
References
- Allan, Sarah (ed), The Formation of Chinese Civilization: An Archaeological Perspective, ISBN 0-300-09382-9
- Flad, Rowan (2013). "Chapter 7: The Sichuan Basin Neolithic". In Underhill, Anne P. (ed.). A Companion to Chinese Archaeology. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 125–146. ISBN 978-1-4443-3529-3.
- Flad, Rowan; Chen, Pochan (2013). Ancient Central China: Centers and Peripheries Along the Yangtze River. New York: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-72766-2.
- d'Alpoim Guedes, Jade; et al. (2013). "Site of Baodun yields earliest evidence for the spread of rice and foxtail millet agriculture to south-west China". S2CID 55279328.
- Zhongguo Shehuikexueyuan Kaogu Yanjiusuo Sichuan Gongzuodui (1991). 中国考古学中碳十四年代报告集1965-1991 [Report of C-14 dates from Chinese archaeology 1965-1991]. Beijing: Wenwu Chubanshe.