Berkshire Downs

Racehorse on farmland in Lambourn

The Berkshire Downs are a range of chalk downland hills in southern England, part of the North Wessex Downs Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. The Berkshire Downs are wholly within the traditional county of Berkshire, although split between the current ceremonial counties of Berkshire and Oxfordshire. The western parts of the downs are also known as the Lambourn Downs.

Geography

The Berkshire Downs run east–west, with their

Chilterns to the east. In the east they are divided from the Chilterns by Goring Gap on the River Thames. In the west their boundary is generally taken to be the border between Berkshire and Wiltshire, although the downs in Wiltshire between the Berkshire border and the valley of the River Og

are sometimes considered to be part of the Berkshire Downs.

History

English downland has attracted human habitation since prehistoric times. The ancient track known as the Ridgeway runs along the Berkshire Downs. Prehistoric sites in the Downs include Wayland's Smithy (Neolithic), numerous tumuli (Neolithic or Bronze Age), Uffington White Horse (Bronze Age), Liddington Castle and Uffington Castle (Bronze Age and Iron Age), and Segsbury Camp and Grim's Ditch (Iron Age).

Anglo-Saxon times the downs were known as Æscesdūn or Ashdown, and that it was here that the Battle of Ashdown was fought in 871.^[1]

In 1915, after a brief stint as a hospital orderly at the

Lollingdon Farm

. The setting at the foot of the Downs - Masefield's "Lollingdon Downs" would inspire a number of poems and sonnets.

Economy

Downland pasture is firm and well drained, suited to grazing sheep and grazing and training horses.

stables centred on the village of Lambourn

.

Railway links

The Berkshire Downs can be accessed from various cities via the

Reading to Taunton Line in the River Kennet Valley to reach Devon on the quickest route from London. From Reading there are the scenic Thames Valley stations of Pangbourne, Goring & Streatley and Cholsey (linked to the Cholsey and Wallingford Railway

).

References

^ Royal Berkshire History website

51°34′30″N 1°34′12″W / 51.575°N 1.570°W / 51.575; -1.570

[1] Royal Berkshire History website

[1]