Big Round Top

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Coordinates: 39°47′10.5″N 77°14′21.1″W / 39.786250°N 77.239194°W / 39.786250; -77.239194
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Big Round Top
physiographic region
WebsiteGettysburg Scenic Vistas (nps.gov)[permanent dead link]

Big Round Top is a boulder-strewn hill notable as the topographic high point

Big Round Top Observation Tower Foundation Ruin.[4]

Geography

Big Round Top is the southern peak of the

Valley of Death/Slaughter Pen (north).[5]

The hill is the highest point of an Adams County dendritic ridge which Plum Run divides at Big Round Top (the drainage divide continues to the east). In addition to Little Round Top (650 ft.), nearby heights are Warfield Ridge (west), hills of 580 ft (southwest) and 540 ft (northwest),[specify] and Houck Ridge (north-northwest); while Carr Hill (876 ft) is the nearest higher hill.[6] Devil's Kitchen is rock formation and small cave on the lower slopes of Big Round Top.[7]

History

The

Indigenous people clearing an area[9]: d  on the slope of Big Round Top and established a burial ground about one mile southwest.[4][5] prior to the 1736 British purchase of the region
.

Civil War

Law 's CSA
(red) regiments assaulted the 20th ME.

During the

July 1.[10]

Battle of Gettysburg, second day
On
skirmishers, who were firing upon our men. It was important to hold this hill, as…it commanded…our line. I directed Colonel Fisher to occupy it at once. He immediately detached [3 regiments], who advanced promptly, driving the enemy before them" (Crawford's report).[1]
: a 

After 10 pm,

20th Maine Volunteer Infantry Regiment occupied a Big Round Top summit position (the monument is on the north slope).[6] In 1893, Chamberlain was awarded a Medal of Honor
for both "carrying the advance position on the Great Round Top" and "holding his position on the Little Round Top against repeated assaults" earlier in the day.

Battle of Gettysburg, third day
The
July 3 Wells cavalry charge advanced from the west to beyond the Big Round Top spur and engaged the rear of Law's Alabama regiments[11] to carry the hill[12] and earn Wells' 1891 Medal of Honor.[13]

By September 1863, David McConaughy had begun to acquire a portion of Big Round Top for battlefield preservation.[14] The Elon J. Farnsworth monument was erected before 1896 at the base of Big Round Top,[15] and statues of William Wells (1931) and John Michael Tobin are also on the hill.

Reconstruction era

75th battle anniversary and reunion
.

In 1940,

foundation was named a historic ruin in 2004
.

Observation Tower

Late in the day of July 3, Union brigadier general Judson Kilpatrick ordered the cavalry brigade of Brigadier General Elon Farnsworth to charge Confederate infantry of Major General John Bell Hood’s division who were on and near the slopes of Big Round Top. Hood had been wounded the previous day, and his division was under the command of Brigadier General Evander Law. One after another, three of the four regiments of Farnsworth’s brigade charged over broken ground into Confederate fire and were repulsed. The final regiment, the 1st Vermont, then made the attempt. Farnsworth divided it into three battalions and personally led the second battalion. The tower was built in the late 19th century. Fred Lyons of Baltimore led the construction team that moved the foundation's granite blocks to the Big Round Top summit using block and tackle driven by a 12-horsepower engine. Constructed on the

1938 anniversary reunion by a stone "Gettysburg Peace Memorial" with a 75-foot-high observation deck above the summit and a flame 30 feet higher.[1]

a. "Measure Calls for Creation of $100,000 Fund; Eternal Light To Be Built on Battlefield and Dedicated at Anniversary and Reunion in 1938" (Google News Archive). January 30, 1937. Retrieved 2010-03-20.
a.
Oak Hill
.)

Destruction

During 1968

historic site on January 23, 2004.[22]

External images
image icon monuments
image icon
bas-relief of "Farnsworth's Charge"[verification needed]
image icon view from 300' National Tower

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d e "About this Newspaper: Star and Sentinel". Library of Congress: Chronicling America. Retrieved 2010-02-22.
    a. "The Pennsylvania Reserves at Gettysburg: Gen. Crawford's Contribution" (Google News). September 21, 1886. Retrieved 2010-02-21. "a deep, rocky depression separated it [Little Round Top] from the Great Round Top beyond. Into this depression
    Laws' brigade of Alabamians, supported by Robertson's Texans
    , had forced themselves and were advancing to the possession of Little Round Top.    "
    b. "New Stone Walk Helps Climb on Big Round Top" (Google News). Jul 13, 1940. Retrieved 2010-02-19.
  2. ^ Norton, Lemuel B (September 18, 1863). "Report of…Chief Signal Officer…Gettysburg Campaign". Archived from the original on 3 January 2010. Retrieved 2010-02-20.
  3. ^ a b "Geologic Resources Inventory Report" (PDF). Denver, Colorado: Natural Resource Program Center (NPS). 2009. Retrieved 2010-02-19.
  4. ^ Climbing Big Round Top
  5. ^ "Scenic Vistas". Nature & Science. National Park Service. Retrieved 2010-02-19.[permanent dead link]
  6. ^ "Points of interest near…Round Top". Mountain Peaks and Summit Names. MountainPeaks.net. Archived from the original on 2011-07-19. Retrieved 2010-03-22.
  7. ^ Adelman, Garry & Smith, Timothy H. "Ramparts of Rock: The Natural Fortifications of Gettysburg Geology". Civil War Trust.
  8. ^ Brown, Andrew (2006) [1962]. "Geology and the Gettysburg Campaign" (PDF) (Eleventh printing ed.). Pennsylvania: Bureau of Topographic and Geologic Survey. Archived from the original (PDF) on August 18, 2000. Retrieved 2010-02-19.
  9. ^
    Gettysburg Times. Archived from the original
    on 2012-12-05. Retrieved 2010-02-20.
    c. "Historic and Other Important Landmarks" (Google News Archive). Visitor's Supplement (p. 22). May 20, 1962. Retrieved 2010-02-21.
    d. "Adams County Alumni Club of Gettysburg College meets" (Google News Archive). November 18, 1992. Retrieved 2010-03-20.
  10. ISBN 978-0-938289-39-5
    . p. 583.
  11. ISBN 9780684859156
    . Retrieved 2010-02-22.
  12. ^ "1st Vermont Cavalry Regiment". StoneSentinels.com. Archived from the original on 2011-07-16. Retrieved 2010-03-20. Wells's companies had cleared Bushman's Woods, to the right or east of Parson's battalion, knifed through the skirmish line of Alabamians to the left of the Texans, and entered the meadow of the Slyder farm, then turned east and followed a low stone wall to the spur of Big Round Top. …when the troopers reached the spur, the brigadier [Farnsworth] led them north through the woods behind the Alabama regiments deployed at the foot of the height. Many Confederates faced to the rear and shot at the passing column. "It was a swift,…enfilading fire." Wells's battalion broke through the treeline into fields of Devil's Den and Houck's Ridge. … Gunners in a section of Bachman's battery near Emmitsburg Road wheeled to the left, unleashing their fire on the horsemen in the open ground. …the mounted column splintered into three groups. … The final group, led by…Wells, retraced their route toward the spur of Big Round Top. … As the Federals re-emerged into a field, the 15th Alabama came rushing into a line across the cavalrymen's front. On the left of the 15th [was] the 46th Alabama… A scissors of musketry cut into the ranks of the New Englanders. Farnsworth…toppled to the ground
  13. ^ Medal of Honor record of William Wells, Group 94 (W-199-VS-1869), NARA, Washington D.C. (cited by Cross, pp. 44,60)[verification needed]
  14. LCCN 83-80606
    .
  15. Gettysburg Compiler
    . Sep 3, 1895. Retrieved 2010-02-19.
  16. ^ "classified structure numbers RD346-WA01". List of Classified Structures. National Park Service. Archived from the original on 2012-08-04. Retrieved 2010-02-21.
  17. ^ a b "The Gettysburg Commission Reports" (transcribed versions: 1893-1921, 1927-1933). Gettysburg Discussion Group. Retrieved 2010-02-04. (original formats: 1895, 1900, 1909, 1912, 1918)
  18. ^ "Traffic Rules on Battlefield" (Google News Archive). July 1, 1922. Retrieved 2010-03-22.
  19. ^ "Senator Rice Sponsors Bill for Gettysburg Peace Memorial" (Google News Archive). Gettysburg Compiler. Jan 20, 1937. Retrieved 2010-03-20.
  20. ^
    b. "Start Work on Tower" (Google News Archive). September 24, 1968. Retrieved 2010-03-21.
    c. "Proposed Master Plan Lists Long Range Ideas For National Park Here" (Google News Archive). June 2, 1977. Retrieved 2010-03-22.
    d. "100 Years Ago" (Google News Archive). August 8, 1995. Retrieved 2010-03-22.
    e. Neill, Bill (March 2, 1998). "Former commissioner urges 'common sense'" (Google News Archive). Retrieved 2010-03-22.
  21. ^ "Big Round Top to be Dismantled" (Google News). June 19, 1968. Retrieved 2010-02-18.
  22. Richard Neutra's Cyclorama Building had been built during Mission 66 for the 1963 anniversary of the Battle of Gettysburg
    ).
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