Bionix AFV

Bionix Infantry Fighting Vehicle
Bionix II IFV at the 2008 Singapore Airshow.
Type	Infantry fighting vehicle
Place of origin	Singapore
Service history
In service	1997 – present
Used by	Singapore Army
Production history
Designer	ST Kinetics
Designed	1988
Manufacturer	ST Kinetics
Produced	1996 – present
No. built	800[1]
Variants	See variants[2]
Specifications
Mass	Combat weight: 23 tonnes (25 short tons; 23 long tons)
Length	5.9 metres (19 ft 4 in)
Width	2.7 m (8 ft 10 in)
Height	2.6 m (8 ft 6 in)
Crew	3 (Commander, Gunner, Driver) plus 7 combat troops (2 men turret version) 9 combat troops (40/50 version)
Armor	MEXAS-M
Main armament	Bionix 25: M242 Bushmaster 25 mm Cannon Bionix II: Mk44 Bushmaster II 30 mm Cannon
Secondary armament	7.62×51mm NATO Commander's MG 7.62×51mm NATO Coaxial MG 7.62×51mm NATO Trooper Compartment Side Mounted GMPG
Engine	Detroit Diesel 6V 92TA 475 horsepower (354 kW) 550 hp (410 kW) with Turbo-charge
Power/weight	20 hp/tonne
Suspension	Hydropneumatic suspension
Operational range	400 km (250 mi)
Maximum speed	70 km/h (43 mph)

The Bionix (BX) is a family of tracked

Aside from domestic use, ST Kinetics has been marketing the Bionix to countries that wish to retire their old M113s from front-line service.[5]

Production History and Development

With the growth and development of the Singapore Armed Forces (SAF) during the mid 1980s came a need to bolster of the existing fleet of M113 Armored Personnel Carriers . This prompted the Ministry of defence to source for a fleet of armored vehicles to operate in tandem with the current fleet of AMX-13/AMX-13 SM1 light tank.

With the participation of the SAF, the Defence Materiel Organisation , MINDEF's systems acquisition house, was appointed to conduct a technology study and recommend the direction for the project. A market survey was conducted in which various armored vehicles including the

Known as "BIONIX", the IFV was the product of a tripartite team of engineers and technical staff from Singapore Technologies Automotive, DMO and G5 Army, working jointly with HQ Armour to produce a fighting machine tailored to the specific operational requirements of the Army. Key considerations during the design process included high mobility and agility, low weight, amphibious capability, and adequate protection and firepower.

Development of the Bionix began in 1988. It took several years before leaving the prototyping phase in 1995 and finally being commissioned on 26 March 1997. ST Automotive was awarded a S$2.5 billion (US$1.7 billion) contract in March 1997 to supply several hundred Bionix IFVs to the Singapore Armed Forces. The first production vehicles were inducted by the 42nd Battalion,

The Bionix IFV has since been succeeded by the Bionix II, which entered a trial service with the Singapore Armed Forces in 2005 with a Company from 41 SAR. In October 2006, The Bionix II was declared operationally ready with 42 SAR being the first fully equipped Bionix II battalion.[7]

Description

Protection

The hull and turret are of all-welded-steel construction with modular MEXAS passive armour protection. Additional armour protection can be installed with an add-on layer of spaced passive armour.

Engine

The Bionix is a compact design produced to meet the conditions of Pacific rim countries where small size is a great asset when it comes to travelling among rubber plantations and over roads and bridges not designed for heavy vehicles. The power provided by the 475 hp (354 kW) Detroit Diesel engine to drive its 23 tonnes, ensures the Bionix is able to overcome the most difficult terrain. Future upgrades in power ratings can be developed according to needs.

The integrated power pack is mounted to the right of the vehicle and can be removed from the Bionix as a complete unit in under 15 minutes. The engine is coupled to the L-3 Combat Propulsion Systems HMPT-500EC fully hydro mechanical transmission, with the final drives being provided by

Interior

The layout of the Bionix is conventional with the driver at the front left, the power pack situated at the front right and the turret in the center with the troop compartment at the rear. Access to the troop compartment at the rear of the vehicle is by a power-operated ramp, which can operate as an emergency access and exit door. A single hatch is installed over the troop compartment.

The driver enters via a roof hatch that opens to the left rear. When driving closed-down, observation is via three day periscopes, while the center periscope can be rapidly replaced by an image-intensification periscope for driving at night. The driver guides the vehicle using a small steering wheel rather than tillers and, as an automatic transmission is fitted, there are just two pedals - accelerator and brake. The instrument panel is mounted on the left, with the transmission selection box on the right.

In the turret, the gunner's station is on the right and the commander's station is on the left, each with a single hatch cover. The turret traverses through 360°. Traverse and weapon elevation is by all-electric digital control. Both the gunner and commander have a turret stop button and are able to lay and fire the weapons. The gunner has the turret control box mounted to the right of his position and both turret-crew members have an adjustable seat. The communications equipment is installed in the turret bustle.

The basic production models lacks an in-built

Aiming

The gunner has a twin-control handles and a day/thermal sight, with a magnification of x8 and two fields of view (high and low), with stadias for the 25mm cannon and 7.62mm coaxial machine gun. The commander has an optical relay from the gunner's sight and a single control handle. The vehicle commander has a further five day periscopes to give observation to the turret front, left side and rear; the gunner has three periscopes (1 x M17 and 2 x L794D) to give observation to the right and rear.

Variants

Prototypes

• XV1 and XV2 - During the experimental phase, two experimental vehicles were built. The first experimental vehicle, XV1, was conceptualized in August 1989 and rolled out in January 1990 while a second and third vehicles, XV2and XV3, based on a new design, was rolled out in December 1990 and March 1991. They were used to test the new running gear and power pack systems as well to firm up the IFV specifications. By January 1993, the first testbed was available; testbeds 2 and 3 were made ready in June 1993. With the acceptance of the IFV by MINDEF, the final prototype and pre-production model rolled out somewhere between July 1995 and June 1996. A total of 9 trial platforms were built in the years up to 1997.
• C-130 Hercules plane. It eventually lost the competition to the LAV III Stryker proposed by General Dynamics Land Systems (GDLS) and GM Defense
  .
• Bionix Light Tank - Stemming from a need to replace/augment the current fleet of
  Oto Melara 120 mm turret on the Bionix have been unsuccessful.^[9] Singapore has since procured refurbished Leopard 2A4 MBTs.^[10]

Production models

• Bionix 25 - First production model. Armed with 25mm Bushmaster cannon turret and 2 x 7.62mm GPMG. The first Bionix 25 production vehicles were completed in September 1997 and, under the Phase I production contract awarded to Singapore Technologies Automotive. Production continued until 2001. A total of 300 were built for the SAF.
• Bionix 40/50 - Variant with Cupola mounted 40mm AGL/0.5-inch HMG twin weapon station and 7.62mm GPMG. Can accommodate up to 11 troops. Approx. 300 were built.
• Bionix II - At the turn of the century, the Bionix design received an upgrade, resulting in the creation of the Bionix II; jointly developed by the
  Bushmaster II cannon and armour was improved. The new cannon has 50% greater armor penetration, while the upgraded armour has 50% greater protection against kinetic or shaped charge warheads. The incorporation of a digital Battlefield Management System has allowed the Bionix II to maintain a higher competency in functionality and survivability by interfacing in real time and sharing information with other linked assets such other army units of the Singapore Army with those of the Air Force and Navy, thereby giving a better all round tactical and situation awareness.^[11] The Bionix II has an improved day / night thermal sighting system (DNTSS) with a dual-axis stabilisation system for enhanced target tracking, and an integrated eye-safe laser rangefinder has a range of up to 3 km. Upgrades also include minefield protection and enhancements to the 30mm cannon.^[12]
  About 200 were built for the SAF, mostly were upgraded from existing 25mm variants.
• Bionix ARV -
  Armoured Recovery Vehicle
  variant equipped with a 25 tonne winch and a 30 tonne crane.
• Bionix AVLB -
  Armoured Vehicle Launched Bridge
  variant fitted with an MLC30 bridge that can be launched within 7 minutes by a crew of two (commander and driver) from the internal armoured compartment or via remote control panel. When extended the bridge can be used to span a gap of up to 22 metres.
• Bionix Counter-Mine Vehicle (Trailblazer) - The SAF has inducted a 30-ton class Counter-Mine Vehicle (CMV) built on the Bionix chassis called the Trailblazer, which uses a mine flail system. In addition to mine-clearing, the Trailblazer is able to mark its trails using a lane marking system with pneumatically fired rods, enabling vehicles to quickly travel behind the Trailblazer safely without losing momentum.[13]

Operators

 Singapore

• Singapore Army – 300 Bionix 25, 300 Bionix 40/50, and 200 Bionix-II^[14]

See also

Comparable AFV/IFVs

• ASCOD – Austro-Spanish armoured fighting vehicle
• BMP-3 – Soviet infantry fighting vehicle familyPages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback
• CV90 IFV – Swedish Infantry fighting vehicle
• Borsuk – Polish infantry fighting vehicle
• Dardo IFV – Italian infantry fighting vehicle
• Kentaurus – Greek infantry fighting vehicle
• FV510 Warrior
   – British infantry fighting vehiclePages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
• K21 – South Korean infantry fighting vehicle
• M2 Bradley IFV – American infantry fighting vehicle
• Schützenpanzer Puma
   – German infantry fighting vehiclePages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
• Tulpar IFV
   – Turkish infantry fighting vehiclePages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
• WPB Anders – Family of Polish medium, tracked combat vehicles
• ZBD-97
   – Chinese infantry fighting vehiclePages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets

References

Notes

1. ^ "Singapore Land Forces military equipment and vehicle Singaporean Army". Retrieved 13 June 2020.
2. ^ "Specifications: BIONIX family of armoured fighting vehicles" (PDF). ST Kinetics. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-09-28. Retrieved 2008-09-29.
3. ^ "Bionix Infantry Fighting Vehicle". NLB. 2000-12-29. Archived from the original on 2009-03-21. Retrieved 2009-07-15.
4. ^ Rice, Edmond (April 2006). "AIFVs Spearhead Army Modernisation Plans in Asia". Asian Defence Journal.
5. ^ "Bionix 40/50 Armored Personnel Carrier". www.military-today.com.
6. MINDEF
   . 1999-07-30. Retrieved 2009-05-02.
7. MINDEF. 2006-11-30. Archived from the original
   on 2007-10-06. Retrieved 2008-09-29.
8. ^ "Bionix AFV Armored Fighting Vehicle". www.militaryfactory.com.
9. ^ "Singapore studies indigenous 120 mm main battle tank". Jane's International Defence Review. 2004-04-05. Archived from the original on September 27, 2007. Retrieved 2008-09-29.
10. ^ "Singapore To Buy Refurbished Leopard Tanks From Germany". Agence France-Presse. 2006-11-12. Archived from the original on 2012-12-08. Retrieved 2008-09-29.
11. ^ "SAF Unveils Battlefield Management System" (PDF). ST Electronics Review. 19 (3). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-09-28. Retrieved 2008-09-29.
12. ^ "Factsheet: BIONIX II : Capabilities and Technical Specifications" (PDF).
13. ^ "Introduction to Mine Clearing Technology" (PDF). DTA Horizons 2009. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2022-08-06. Retrieved 2020-05-29.
14. ^ "Singapore Singaporean army land ground forces military equipment armoured armored vehicle UK | Singapore Singaporean army land ground forces UK | Asia UK".

Bibliography

• C, Foss (1999-01-10). "Equipment Profile of Bionix". Jane's Defence Weekly.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Bionix.

• Bionix page @ ST Engineering
• MINDEF Factsheet - Bionix IFV
• SAF’s First Infantry Fighting Vehicle Armoured Battle Group is Operational
• Jane's: Bionix
• Bionix IFV specifications at one35th.com

Video link

• SAF Defence Watch - Trailblazer Counter-Mine Vehicle on
  YouTube