Bosque
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/BosqueNM.jpg/280px-BosqueNM.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/STS040-614-61.jpg/250px-STS040-614-61.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Grus_canadensis_-Bosque_del_Apache_National_Wildlife_Refuge%2C_New_Mexico%2C_USA_-flying-8.jpg/220px-Grus_canadensis_-Bosque_del_Apache_National_Wildlife_Refuge%2C_New_Mexico%2C_USA_-flying-8.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Bosque_in_the_spring.jpg/220px-Bosque_in_the_spring.jpg)
A bosque (.
Setting
In the predominantly
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Albuquerque_bosque_aerial_from_balloon.jpg/220px-Albuquerque_bosque_aerial_from_balloon.jpg)
Middle Rio Grande bosque
There are various refuges, parks, and trails for visitors, such as the Paseo Del Bosque trail in Albuquerque, New Mexico.[6]
Flora and fauna
As a
The bosque is an important stopover for a variety of migratory birds, such as ducks, geese, egrets, herons, and
Inhabitants
Even though the earliest inhabitants began to settle around the bosque about 15,000 years ago, they caused only minor ecosystem changes. It was not until rapid population growth and when inhabitants started creating water diversions for farming purposes that the bosque started to be manipulated, and change was noted in the ecosystem.[13]
Restoration
Maintaining the ecosystem and habitat of the bosque is a difficult and ongoing concern for many. The creation of water diversions such as levees, ditches, irrigation canals, etc has caused irreparable damage, causing floodplains to dry and water levels to drop. Thus creating a ripple effect, many different types of native plant species, wildlife, and amphibians have died off or relocated. The drying out waters and loss of wetlands create a land that is susceptible to fires destroying more habitation areas.[13]
There are ongoing efforts to undo damage to the bosque ecosystem caused by human development, fires, and invasive species in the 20th century. Where possible, levees and other flood control devices along the Rio Grande are being removed, to allow the river to undergo its natural cycle.[14] However, in June 2023, the Army Corps of Engineers-Albuquerque District and the Middle Rio Grande Conservancy District signed a design agreement aiming for the reconstruction of multiple levees along the Rio Grande river between Albuquerque and Belen as part of the Middle Rio Grande, Bernalillo to Belen project, which aims to minimize flood damage along the river.[15] To help with the regrowth and maintenance of the bosque, new trees are planted by The Open Space Division.[7]
Since 1996, the Bosque Ecosystem Monitoring Program (BEMP) of the
See also
- Flora of New Mexico
- Riparian forest
- Tugay, an analogous forest type in the deserts and steppes of Central Asia
References
- New Mexico Museum of Natural History & Science. October 5, 2017. Retrieved April 12, 2021.
- ^ Holmes, Pat (October 5, 2017). "New Mexico's most mispronounced places, 'This is an excerpt from a New Mexico Pronunciation Guide, as compiled by the Associated Press.'". KOAT. Retrieved April 12, 2021.
- ^ (CERM), Center for Environmental Research & Management. "Rio Bosque Wetlands Park". research.utep.edu. Retrieved 2018-01-30.
- ^ "General Map and Tour Loop Map Friends of the Bosque del Apache National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico, NWR, National Wildlife Refuge, Birding, New Mexico Wildlife, NM birds, bird checklists, sandhill crane migration, sandhill cranes, light geese, flyout, fly in, bosque". permanent.fdlp.gov. Retrieved 2023-12-14.
- ^ "Bienvenidos al Refugio de Vida Silvestre Bosque Alegre | Visit Costa Rica | The official site about tourism in Costa Rica". www.visitcostarica.com. Retrieved 2023-12-14.
- ^ "Paseo del Bosque Trail". City of Albuquerque. Retrieved 2023-12-14.
- ^ a b Wilson, Ruth A. (June 1, 2012). "Beauty of the Bosque". American Forests. 118: 40.
- ^ Eichhorst, Kim D. (June 2012). Bosque Ecosystem Monitoring Program (BEMP) Comprehensive Report: 1997-2009 (PDF) (Report). University of New Mexico. Retrieved January 30, 2018.
- ^ "Appendix G: Plants" (PDF). New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science. October 5, 2017. Retrieved February 20, 2023.
- ^ "Chapter 2: Bosque Background". New Mexico Natural History Museum. October 5, 2017. Retrieved February 20, 2023.
- ^ Wilson, Ruth A. (June 1, 2012). "Beauty of the Bosque". American Forests: 40 – via Science Reference Center.
- – via NSF Public Access Repository.
- ^ a b "Chapter 2: Bosque Background | New Mexico Museum of Natural History & Science". www.nmnaturalhistory.org. Retrieved 2023-12-14.
- ^ Hanscom, Greg (2001-11-19). "Bringing back the bosque: Pueblo tribes take the lead in restoring the Rio Grande's riverside forest". High Country News. Retrieved 2018-01-30.
- ^ Graff, Justin (June 16, 2023). "USACE's Albuquerque District signs design agreement for Middle Rio Grande flood protection". Army Corps of Engineers. Retrieved 2023-10-02.
- ^ "History of BEMP". bemp.org. Retrieved 30 January 2018.
- ^ a b Converse, Rowan; Shaw, Dan; Eichhorst, Kim; Leinhart, May (2016). "Bringing citizen monitoring into land management: a case study of the Bosque Ecosystem Monitoring Program". Journal of Science Communication. 16 (3) – via Gale Academic OneFile.
- ^ "Federal Grant: Bosque Ecosystem Monitoring Program". Indian eGov Newswire. SyndiGate Media Inc. September 5, 2018. Retrieved October 6, 2023.
External links
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png)
- Save our Bosque Report (.pdf)
- Bosque Management and Endangered Species (BMEP)
- Fire commander: Bosque’s urban area presents challenge
- Race to reduce bosque fires