Callose
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| Names | |
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| Other names
(1→3)-β-D-Glucan
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| Identifiers | |
| ChEBI | |
| Properties | |
| (C6H10O5)n | |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Callose is a plant
cell wall by callose synthases and is degraded by β-1,3-glucanases. Callose is very important for the permeability of plasmodesmata (Pd) in plants; the plant's permeability is regulated by plasmodesmata callose (PDC). PDC is made by callose synthases and broken down by β-1,3-glucanases (BGs). The amount of callose that is built up at the plasmodesmatal neck, which is brought about by the interference of callose synthases (CalSs) and β-1,3-glucanases, determines the conductivity of the plasmodesmata.[2]
Formation and function
Callose is laid down at
angiosperms but is not found in related apomictic taxa.[6] Callose deposition at the cell wall has been suggested as an early marker for direct somatic embryogenesis from cortical and epidermal cells of Cichorium hybrids.[7] Temporary callose walls are also thought to be a barrier between a cell and its environment, while the cell is undergoing a genetic programming that allows it to differentiate.[8] This is because, callose walls can be found around nucellar embryos during Nucellar embryony.[9]
See also
References
- ISBN 978-0-19-871437-8.
- PMID 24795733.
- .
- PMID 19816126.
- ISBN 978-0-521-64109-8.
- .
- .
- S2CID 12073031.
- .