Chlorarachniophyte
| Chlorarachniophytes | |
|---|---|
| |
| Chlorarachnion reptans | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Clade: | Diaphoretickes |
| Clade: | SAR |
| Phylum: | Cercozoa |
| Subphylum: | Reticulofilosa |
| Class: | Chlorarachniophyceae Hibberd & Norris, 1984 |
| Orders & Families | |
| |
| Synonyms | |
| |
A cultured chlorarachniophyte, Lotharella globosa LEX01 strain [2]
The chlorarachniophytes are a small group of exclusively marine
amoebae, with branching cytoplasmic extensions that capture prey and connect the cells together, forming a net. They may also form flagellate zoospores
, which characteristically have a single subapical flagellum that spirals backwards around the cell body, and walled coccoid cells.
The
red alga
.
The chlorarachniophytes only include five genera, which show some variation in their life-cycles and may lack one or two of the stages described above. Genetic studies place them among the Cercozoa, a diverse group of amoeboid and amoeboid-like[clarification needed] protozoa.
The chlorarachniophytes were placed before in the order Rhizochloridales, class
Xanthophyceae (e.g., Smith, 1938
), as algae, or in order Rhizochloridea, class Xanthomonadina (e.g., Deflandre, 1956), as protozoa.
So far sexual reproduction has only been reported in two species; Chlorarachnion reptans and Cryptochlora perforans.[3]
Phylogeny
Based on Shiratori et al. 2024.[6]
| Chlorarachniophyceae |
| ||||||||||||||||||
| Chlorarachnea |
Taxonomy
- Class Chlorarachniophyceae Hibberd & Norris 1984[7] [Chlorarachnea Cavalier-Smith 1998; Chlorarachniophyta Hibberd & Norris 1984; Chlorarachnia Cavalier-Smith 1993]
- Genus incertae sedis Rhabdamoeba Dunkerly 1921[8][6]
- Species Rhabdamoeba marina Dunkerly 1921
- Genus incertae sedis Rhabdamoeba Dunkerly 1921[8][6]
- Order Minorisida Cavalier-Smith 2017[9]
- Family Minorisidae Cavalier-Smith 2017
- Genus Minorisa Del Campo 2013
- Species Minorisa minutaDel Campo 2013
- Species
- Genus Minorisa Del Campo 2013
- Family Minorisidae Cavalier-Smith 2017
- Order Chlorarachniales Ishida & Hara 1996 [Chlorarachniida Hibberd & Norris 1984]
- Family Chlorarachniaceae (Pascher 1939) Ishida & Hara 1996
- Genus Amorphochlora Ishida, Yabuki & Ota 2011
- Species Amorphochlora amoebiformis (Ishida & Hara 1996) Ishida, Yabuki & Ota 2011 [Lotharella amoeboformis Ishida & Hara 1996]
- Genus Bigelowiella Moestrup 2001
- Species B. longifila Shuhei, Kunihiko & Kenichiro 2007
- Species B. natans Moestrup 2001
- Genus ChlorarachnionGeitler 1930
- Species Chlorarachnion reptans Geitler 1930
- Genus CryptochloraCalderon-Saenz & Schnetter 1987
- Species Cryptochlora perforans Calderon-Saenz & Schnetter 1987
- Genus GymnochloraIshida, Nakayama & Hara 1996
- Species G. dimorpha Ota 2011
- Species G. stellata Ishida, Nakayama & Hara 1996
- Genus LotharellaIshida & Hara 1996
- Species L. scrobicolata Ishida & Hara
- Species L. polymorpha Dietz et al. 2003
- Species L. vacuolata Ota & Ishida 2005
- Species L. oceanica Ota 2009
- Species L. reticulosa Ohta 2012
- Species L. globosa (Ishida & Hara 1994) Ishida & Hara 1996 [Chlorarachnion globosum Ishida & Hara 1994]
- Genus Norrisiella Ota, Ueda & Ishida 2007
- Species Norrisiella sphaerica Ota, Ueda & Ishida 2007
- Genus Partenskyella Ota et al. 2009
- Species Partenskyella glossopodia Ota et al. 2009
- Genus Viridiuvalis T.Shiratori, S.Fujita, T.Shimizu & K.Ishida 2017[10]
- Species Viridiuvalis adhaerens T.Shiratori, S.Fujita, T.Shimizu & K.Ishida 2017
- Genus Amorphochlora Ishida, Yabuki & Ota 2011
- Family Chlorarachniaceae (Pascher 1939) Ishida & Hara 1996
-
Lotharella globosa extending afilopodium(Fp) through a pore of the cell wall (CW) from a walled amoeboid cell. Py: pyrenoid.
Scale bar = 10 μm -
Binary and quaternary cell divisions of Lotharella globosa. Arrowheads indicate the parental cell wall.
Scale bar = 10 μm -
Flagellate cell of Lotharella globosa with a single flagellum (Fl) and plastid (P)
Scale bar = 10 μm
References
- S2CID 86059445.
- PMID 21858028
- ^ ISBN 9780849379901.
- S2CID 34259721.
- PMID 33014260.
- ^ PMID 37941507.
- ^ M.D. Guiry (2016), "Chlorarachniophyceae [Chlorarachnea]", AlgaeBase, World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway, retrieved 25 October 2016
- JSTOR 3227028. Retrieved 24 April 2024.
- PMID 28875267
- ^ Guiry, M.D.; Guiry, G.M. "Viridiuvalis". AlgaeBase. Retrieved 24 April 2024.
External links
- AlgaeBase: Chlorarachniophyta
- Systematic Biology: Chlorarachniophyta
- Systematic Biology: Cercozoa Archived 2015-04-02 at the Wayback Machine
- Tree of Life: Chlorarachniophyta
Wikispecies has information related to Chlorarachniophyta.