Chocolate chip cookie

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Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
For the album by Leslie Spit Treeo, see Chocolate Chip Cookies (album).

A close-up of a chocolate chip cookie

A chocolate chip cookie is a

semi-sweet chocolate bar and added the chopped chocolate to a cookie recipe; however, historical recipes for grated or chopped chocolate cookies exist prior to 1938 by various other authors.[1]

Generally, the recipe starts with a dough composed of flour, butter, both

cocoa powder
, before chocolate chips are mixed in. These variations of the recipe are also referred to as ‘double’ or ‘triple’ chocolate chip cookies, depending on the combination of dough and chocolate types.

History

Toll House cookie
baking soda, salt
VariationsMultiple, including adding nuts, oatmeal, peanut butter

The most notable chocolate chip cookie recipe was invented by American chef Ruth Graves Wakefield in 1938.[2][3] She invented the recipe during the period when she owned the Toll House Inn, in Whitman, Massachusetts. In this era, the Toll House Inn was a popular restaurant that featured home cooking. A myth holds that she accidentally developed the cookie, and that she expected the chocolate chunks would melt, making chocolate cookies. That is not the case; Wakefield stated that she deliberately invented the cookie. She said, "We had been serving a thin butterscotch nut cookie with ice cream. Everybody seemed to love it, but I was trying to give them something different. So I came up with Toll House cookie."[4] She added chopped up bits from a Nestlé semi-sweet chocolate bar into a cookie.[5] The original recipe in Toll House Tried and True Recipes[6] is called "Toll House Chocolate Crunch Cookies". Wakefield gave Nestle the recipe for her cookies and was paid with a lifetime supply of chocolate from the company.[7][8]

Later history

Wakefield's cookbook, Toll House Tried and True Recipes, was first published in 1936 by M. Barrows & Company, New York. The 1938 edition of the cookbook was the first to include the recipe "Toll House Chocolate Crunch Cookie" which rapidly became a favorite cookie in American homes.[4]

During World War II, soldiers from

care packages from home with soldiers from other parts of the United States. Hundreds of soldiers wrote home asking their families to send them Toll House cookies, and Wakefield received letters from around the world requesting her recipe,[9][10] helping spread their popularity beyond the east coast.[11] Chocolate chip cookies were first sold in the UK in 1956 by Maryland Cookies.[12]

Original recipe

Sue Brides, a baker who worked with Ruth Graves Wakefield at the Toll House Inn, passed down the original recipe to her daughter, Peg, who shared it in a 2017 interview:[3]

  • 1+1⁄2 cups (350 mL) shortening
  • 1+1⁄8 cups (265 mL) sugar
  • 1+1⁄8 cups (265 mL) brown sugar
  • 3 eggs
  • 1+1⁄2 teaspoon (7.5 g) salt
  • 3+1⁄8 cups (750 mL) of flour
  • 1+1⁄2 teaspoon (7.5 g) hot water
  • 1+1⁄2 teaspoon (7.5 g) baking soda
  • 1+1⁄2 teaspoon (7.5 g) vanilla
  • chocolate chips (The Tried and True Recipes cookbook specifies "2 bars (7 oz.) Nestlé's yellow label chocolate, semi-sweet, which has been cut in pieces the size of a pea.").

Composition and variants

A "chocolate chocolate chip" or "double chocolate" cookie
A "double chocolate" cookie sprinkled with powdered sugar (with milk in the background)
Plate of chocolate chip cookies

Chocolate chip cookies are commonly made with

walnuts
) in the dough.

Depending on the ratio of ingredients and mixing and cooking times, some recipes produce a soft, chewy cookie while others will produce a crunchy, crispy cookie.

cookie sheet. Most cookie dough is baked, although some eat the dough as is, or use it as an addition to vanilla ice cream to make chocolate chip cookie dough ice cream
.

The texture of a chocolate chip cookie is largely dependent on its fat composition and the type of fat used. A study done by Kansas State University showed that carbohydrate-based fat substitutes tend to bind more water, leaving less water available to aid in the spread of the cookie while baking and resulting in softer, cakelike cookies with less spread.[14]

Common variations

  • An arrangement consisting bags of brown sugar, white sugar, flour and chocolate chips; boxes of baking soda and salt; a carton of eggs, wrapped sticks of butter and a bottle of vanilla extract on a kitchen counter
    Standard chocolate chip cookie ingredients
  • Preparing chocolate chip cookies
  • A foil-lined tray with a solid light brown sheet with dark brown spots. A section has been cut away and most of a knife is lying in that portion.
    Chocolate chip bar cookies

Marketing

There are at least three national (U.S./

Doubletree hotels—offer freshly baked cookies to their patrons to differentiate themselves from their competition.[21]

To honor the cookie's creation in the state, on July 9, 1997, Massachusetts designated the chocolate chip cookie as the Official State Cookie, after it was proposed by a third-grade class from Somerset, Massachusetts.[22]

See also

References

  1. ^ Parks, Stella (2017). Bravetart: Iconic American Desserts. New York: W.W. Norton & Co. pp. 30–32.
  2. ^ "Baker's daughter reveals 'real recipe' for Toll House chocolate chip cookies". WCVB5. June 21, 2017. Archived from the original on 2017-12-27. Retrieved 2021-09-30.
  3. ^ a b Stephanos, Maria (2017-06-21). "Secret's out! Here's the 'real recipe' for Toll House chocolate chip cookies". WCVB. Archived from the original on 2017-12-27. Retrieved 2017-06-22.
  4. ^
    ISBN 9781581571622
    . Retrieved March 21, 2014.
  5. ^ "Chocolate Chip Cookie Day and the accidental origin of this American staple". CNN. 20 October 2017. Archived from the original on 27 December 2017. Retrieved 20 October 2017.
  6. ^ Wakefield, Ruth Graves (1942). Ruth Wakefield's Toll House Tried and True Recipes. M. Barrows & Company.
  7. ^ "5 Things You Didn't Know About Chocolate Chip Cookies | Epicurious.com". Epicurious. 30 July 2014. Archived from the original on 2020-05-10. Retrieved 2020-03-29.
  8. ^ Roberts, Sam (22 March 2018). "Overlooked No More: Ruth Wakefield, Who Invented the Chocolate Chip Cookie". The New York Times. Retrieved 8 May 2024.
  9. ISBN 0-385-26246-9
    .
  10. ^ "History of Nestlé Toll House". Archived from the original on 2009-02-23.
  11. ^ Michaud, Jon (19 December 2013). "Sweet Morsels: A History of the Chocolate-Chip Cookie". The New Yorker. Archived from the original on 2019-07-29. Retrieved 2020-03-29.
  12. ^ Burton's Biscuit Company. "Maryland cookies". Archived from the original on 29 March 2014. Retrieved 27 March 2014.
  13. ^ Levitt, Jonathan. "They're Not As Easy To Make As To Eat", The Boston Globe, 7 June 2006, C2. Available through ProQuest eLibrary.
  14. ^ Armbrister, W.L.; Setser, C.S. (1994). "Sensory and Physical Properties of Chocolate Chip Cookies Made with Vegetable Shortening or Fat Replacers at 50 and 75% Levels" (PDF). Cereal Chemistry. 71 (4): 344–351. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2023-12-03. Retrieved 2023-10-02.
  15. ^ "M&M's.com". August 5, 2004. Archived from the original on 2004-08-05.
  16. ^ "Recipes : Chocolate Chocolate Chip Cookies : Food Network". 2007-06-13. Archived from the original on 2007-06-13. Retrieved 2023-10-02.
  17. ^ "White Chip Chocolate Cookies". Allrecipes. Archived from the original on 2015-08-18. Retrieved 2023-10-02.
  18. ^ "Chewy Chocolate Peanut Butter Chip Cookies". Allrecipes. Archived from the original on 2015-08-24. Retrieved 2023-10-02.
  19. ^ "Macadamia Nut Chocolate Chip Cookies". Allrecipes. Archived from the original on 2015-08-12. Retrieved 2023-10-02.
  20. ^ Dong, Amy (2014-08-11). "Congo Bars (Blondies)". Chew Out Loud. Archived from the original on 2023-10-03. Retrieved 2023-10-02.
  21. ^ Nancy Trejos (18 December 2017), "DoubleTree hotels hands out free cookies", USA Today, archived from the original on 30 March 2019, retrieved 3 May 2018
  22. ^ William Francis Galvin, Secretary of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. "Massachusetts Facts - State Symbols: Official Cookie". Archived from the original on 12 May 2011. Retrieved 3 May 2018.
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