Cipto Mangunkusumo
Cipto Mangunkusumo | |
---|---|
Born | Pecangaan, Dutch East Indies | 4 March 1886
Died | 8 March 1943 | (aged 57)
Occupation(s) | Politician, activist, writer |
Cipto Mangunkusumo or Tjipto Mangoenkoesoemo (4 March 1886 in Pecangakan,
Cipto advocated an Indies-based nationalism rather than Javanese nationalism.[1] Unlike other Javanese nationalist leaders, Cipto's belief in democracy remained strong until the end of his life, and in his view, the traditional character of feudal Javanese civilization had to change. He considered Western education and its subsequent social and cultural dislocation as indispensable in creating a revolutionary atmosphere. He disagreed with Budi Utomo's emphasis on the reinvigoration of traditional Javanese civilization. In a 1916 debate, he stated: "The psyche of the Javanese people needs to be changed to such an extent that a change of language, or more cynically a killing of a language becomes urgent. Only in this way will it be possible to build another language on its ruins and also another civilization."[2]
Cipto married his Indo (Eurasian) wife Marie Vogel in 1920.
When the three
When Sukarno, future President of Indonesia, moved to
"In some ways this close relationship between Cipto and Sukarno was not surprising; both were highly intelligent men and extremely sensitive to the reality of the colonial situation, an injustice they took as a personal insult."[4]
Both men were relentless and uncompromising independence fighters professing a deep concern with the plight of the poor peasant. However, unlike his political pupil, Cipto's often courageous actions showed a proven track record of practically improving the social predicament of peasants.[4] As early as 1910 Cipto had devoted his unstinting services to the Javanese people during an outbreak of the plague. For his efforts, he was awarded a royal decoration in the Order of Orange-Nassau, by the colonial government.[4]
After the NIP's involvement in the farmers' strike in central Java, the party was banned. Cipto co-founded the National Party of Indonesia (PNI), chaired by Sukarno. Soon thereafter he attempted to foment revolt among the Indonesians serving in the
He died in 1943 and was buried in Ambarawa.
After
Legacy
References
- ^ Hatta, M. "Recht en Vrijheid" in the Dutch chapter of the "League Against Imperialism and Colonial Oppression". (Periodical, vol. 1, no 2, 27 x 37, Amsterdam, 1927) [1] Archived 13 December 2013 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Mangoenkoesoemo, Tjipto "Kolonial Onderwijs Congress", 1916, p. 55
- ISBN 90-351-2617-3
- ^ ISBN 0-283-48414-4 [2]
- ^ "Uang Baru vs Uang Lama: Ini Bedanya Rupiah Baru dengan Rupiah Lama - Cermati.com". www.cermati.com. Retrieved 13 August 2020.
Bibliography
- Glissenaar, Frans D.D.: het leven van E.F.E. Douwes Dekker (Publisher: Van Strien, Dordrecht) [3]
- Meijer, Hans In Indië geworteld. De 20ste eeuw. (Publisher: Bert Bakker, Amsterdam, 2004) p. 66 ISBN 90-351-2617-3