Colin Campbell Ross
Colin Campbell Ross | |
---|---|
Execution by hanging | |
Resting place | Bendigo Public Cemetery |
Occupation | Wine bar owner |
Known for | Being wrongfully executed |
Criminal status |
|
Murder (Posthumously pardoned) | |
Criminal penalty | Death |
Colin Campbell Eadie Ross (11 October 1892 – 24 April 1922) was an Australian wine-bar owner who was wrongfully convicted and executed for the murder of a child, which became known as the
Life
Colin Ross was born in
During this time, Colin Ross began a relationship with Lily May Brown, who worked in a Melbourne hotel. On 5 March 1920, Ross asked Brown to marry him, and when she refused he produced a revolver. He followed her onto a tram and continued to threaten her until she agreed to meet him later in the day. Instead, Brown contacted police and a plain-clothes detective was present when she kept her appointment with Ross. He was charged with using threatening words and for carrying firearms without permission. On the charge of using threatening words he was sentenced to fourteen days imprisonment, which was suspended on his entering into a twelve-month good behaviour bond, and was fined for carrying the firearm.[4]
In April 1921 the Ross family returned to Melbourne, where Colin, with his brothers Stanley and Ronald, bought a wine shop at the Eastern Arcade in the business centre of Melbourne. After the purchase of the shop, renamed "The Australian Wine Saloon", the Ross brothers continued the employment of its
On 13 October 1921, one of the saloon's customers was robbed in the outdoor lavatory of the premises, and was shot during a struggle with his assailant. His wound was not serious, but he was unable to give an account of events to police due to the large amount of alcohol he had consumed. An investigation revealed that his assailant was a young English traveller, Frank Walsh, who had spent most of his money and who had been approached by Colin Ross to rob the customer on the understanding that the proceeds would be shared between them. Ross and Walsh were arrested and charged with
Murder
On the afternoon of 30 December 1921, 12-year old Alma Tirtschke's grandmother sent her on an errand. She was to collect a package of meat from a butcher's shop in
The case became a major sensation, with the Melbourne press convincing its readers that a maniac was on the loose and likely to strike again. A reward of A£1,250 (A$91,500 in 2013 currency) was offered for the capture of the killer, one of the highest rewards offered in Australia at that time. As time passed with no real progress, the police were criticised and were subjected to public pressure to make an arrest.[8]
Investigations revealed that Alma had last been seen alive between 2:30pm and 3:00pm on the afternoon of her disappearance, at the corner of Alfred Place and Little Collins Streets, near the lane in which her body was subsequently discovered, and that she had been murdered at around 6:00pm. Among the numerous men interviewed was Colin Ross, the saloon manager, who described seeing a girl matching Alma's description outside his saloon. Ross's description of events closely matched that of several witnesses who had also seen her. Several witnesses recounted how Alma looked worried with one stating that a man (not Ross) was following her.
Ross was obviously well known to the local police, having recently been acquitted on the charge relating to his alleged involvement in the shooting and robbing of one of his customers. Despite his willingness to co-operate, police began to interview him in greater detail. He was able to nominate several witnesses who had seen him tending his saloon on the afternoon of Alma's murder and who would confirm that he had not left the premises, but the police remained convinced that he had killed the child, and on 12 January 1922 they arrested him for murder.
Trial
The public fascination with the case intensified as newspapers published news of Ross' arrest, but he told his lawyers, family and friends that he had nothing to fear. As an innocent man, he said, it was only a matter of time before he would be released.
The trial began on 20 February 1922 and witnesses were produced to attest to Ross's guilt. John Harding, who had a previous conviction for
The prosecution also offered
Ross's
Brennan remained supportive of Ross and certain of his innocence, but had exhausted all avenues in his attempt to save Ross from execution. On the eve of his execution, Ross received a letter from a man who failed to give his name but admitted that he had killed Alma, and, although consumed by guilt, was not willing to come forward as it would cause grief to his family. Brennan later wrote that he believed the letter could have been authentic.[10]
Execution
Before his execution, in his farewell letter to his family, Ross wrote: "The day is coming when my innocence will be proved."
Ross composed himself with dignity for his quiet but resolute statement from the scaffold:
- "I am now face to face with my Maker, and I swear by Almighty God that I am an innocent man. I never saw the child. I never committed the crime, and I don't know who did. I never confessed to anyone. I ask God to forgive those who have sworn my life away, and I pray God to have mercy on my poor darling mother, and my family."
Ross was executed on 24 April 1922 at
Attempts to clear name
Brennan became consumed with guilt over his failure to save Ross's life, eventually writing a book, The Gun Alley Tragedy, in which he attempted to establish that Ross had been hanged for a crime he did not commit. Although Brennan attracted supporters, it was not enough to persuade the Victorian government to have the case re-examined, and over the following years interest began to wane among all but the most ardent of Ross's supporters. Brennan would later pursue a career in politics and was elected to the Australian senate in 1931.
In 1993, Kevin Morgan, a former schoolteacher, became interested in Ross' case and began to research the events surrounding the murder of Alma Tirtschke and Ross's execution. He read handwritten notes in the Bible Ross had kept with him in prison, and which had been preserved by his family following his death. Morgan was moved by the simple notations in which Ross wrote of false witnesses, knowing that he had written these notes without expecting anyone else to read them.
Morgan examined interview records and court transcripts, and discovered information that had been kept from the court at the time, including the testimony of six reliable witnesses who placed Ross inside his saloon for the entire afternoon of Alma's murder. Furthermore, a cab driver, Joseph Graham, had heard screams coming from a building in Collins Street at 3:00 p.m., during the time that Ross was verified as having been in the saloon. Graham's interview had been disregarded by police and he had not been called to give evidence. Following Ross's arrest, Graham attempted to have his story told through a solicitor, but was not permitted to present his version of events in court. Morgan also noted that the witnesses against Ross were of dubious character and could have been motivated to present false testimony; Harding's sentence was reduced after he stated that Ross had confessed to him in prison while Maddox, Gibson, and disgruntled former employee Matthews had shared the reward money. A closer examination of the long testimony of Price regarding the hair samples seemed to support Ross's innocence.
Two years after he began researching the case, Morgan found a file in the
On 4 October 2005, the families of both Colin Ross and Alma Tirtschke, represented by Elizabeth Eadie Everett on behalf of the Ross family and Bettye Georgina Arthur on behalf of the Tirtschke family, submitted a petition of mercy.
The family of Alma Tirtschke were relieved that Ross had finally been exonerated. In a
Aftermath
The Ross trial was the first in Australasia to obtain a conviction using a scientific comparison of hairs. The case also led to the practice of anonymity for jurors after Keith Murdoch's newspaper, The Herald, sensationalised the case and prejudiced the trial by publishing Ross's photograph and printing the names and addresses of the jury. The Herald was shamed by other newspapers and its headquarters in Flinders Street was nicknamed "the Colin Ross Memorial" by opposition journalists.[19]
In October 2010, Ross's remains were identified and handed to his family for a proper burial.[20]
Legacy
The Gun Alley Murder is depicted in 1982's Squizzy Taylor, a film about the eponymous Melbourne gangster. The film portrays Taylor (David Atkins) assisting the authorities with the case by intimidating supposed witnesses into revealing what they know about Ross.[21]
See also
Notes
- ^ Silvester, John (27 May 2008). "Ross cleared of murder nearly 90 years ago". The Age. Retrieved 24 September 2012.
- ^ Morgan, pp. 110-111
- ^ Morgan, p. 111
- ^ Morgan, pp. 111-112
- ^ Morgan, p. 113
- ^ Morgan, p. 120
- ^ a b Morgan, p. 121
- ISSN 1833-7538. Retrieved 27 May 2008.
- ^ a b "Pardon not enough, murdered girl's relative says". ABC News. 27 May 2008. Retrieved 24 September 2012.
- ^ Morgan, pp. 290–291.
- ^ Morgan, pp. 260–261.
- ISBN 9780750981453.
- ^ "Gun Alley murder: posthumous pardon". Parliament of Victoria. Archived from the original on 13 June 2021. Retrieved 13 June 2021.
- ^ R v Colin Campbell Ross[permanent dead link] Supreme Court of Victoria 20 December 2007
- ^ "Re Colin Campbell Ross [2007] VSC 572 (20 December 2007)". Austlii. Australasian Legal Information Institute. Retrieved 13 June 2021.
- ^ Kevin Morgan (2012) Gun Alley: Murder, Lies and Failure of Justice (2nd ed., updated). Hardie Grant Books (Australia) Melbourne.
- ^ Waldon, Steve (9 July 2005). "Wrong man hanged". The Age. Retrieved 24 September 2012.
- ^ Morgan (2012) pp. 357-376
- ^ Lack, John (2005). "Ross, Colin Campbell Eadie (1892–1922)". Australian Dictionary of Biography. Retrieved 11 November 2013.
- ^ "VIC:Wrongly executed man laid to rest", AAP News, Financial Times, 16 October 2010, retrieved 11 November 2013
- ^ Squizzy Taylor (1982)
References
- Morgan, Kevin (2005): Gun Alley: Murder, Lies and Failure of Justice, Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0-7318-1228-X
- Morgan, Kevin (2012): Gun Alley: Murder. Lies and Failure of Justice (2nd ed., updated), Hardie Grant Books. ISBN 9781742702667
- Pinkney, John (2003): Great Australian Mysteries, The Five Mile Press. ISBN 978-1-74124-024-5
- Australian Dictionary of Biography, retrieved 4 May 2007.
- The Age - "Push For Colin Ross Pardon", by John Silvester, 26 October 2006, retrieved 4 May 2007.
- The Supreme Court of Victoria - Petition for mercy on behalf of Colin Campbell Ross, dated 26 October 2006, retrieved 4 May 2007.
External links
- The Gun Alley Murder Gravesite of Alma Tirtschke at Brighton General Cemetery (Vic)