Collaborative poetry
Collaborative or collective poetry is an alternative and creative technique for writing poetry by more than one person. The principal aim of collaborative poetry is to create poems with multiple collaborations from various authors. In a common example of collaborative poetry, there may be numerous authors working in conjunction with one another to try to form a unified voice that can still maintain their individual voices.
In recent times
One of the most famous examples of collaborative poetry-writing in modern times was the poem collection Ralentir Travaux
In the 1940s, American poet Charles Henri Ford invented what he called the "chain poem", where each poet writes a line and then forwards the poem to another person across the world by post. In his Process Note, Ford explained the method of the 'chain poem': "Thus, after the first line is written, the problem of each poet, in turn, is to provide a line which may both 'contradict' and carry forward the preceding line. The chain poet may attempt to include his unique style and make it intelligible to the poem as well; in which case the chain poem will have a logical and spontaneous growth."[2] In the 1970s, some feminist poets adopted the concept to discover their "collective feminine voice".
More recent experiments of collaborative poetry include the collaborative works of American poets Denise Duhamel and Maureen Seaton, who have been writing poetry together for 15 years and have published three collaborative books: Exquisite Politics (1997), Oyl (2000) and Little Novels (2002).[3] Duhamel described this collaboration saying, "Something magical happens when we write—we find this third voice, someone who is neither Maureen nor I, and our ego sort of fades into the background. The poem matters, not either one of us."[4]
In 2007, the "first definitive collection" of American collaborative poetry was published under the title Saints of Hysteria: A Half-Century of Collaborative American Poetry.[5] Edited by Denise Duhamel, Maureen Seaton and David Trinidad, the anthology included 140 poems by more than 200 authors, culled from various magazines, out-of-print collections, and previously unpublished material.[6]
Another recent experiment is the "Poem Factory", a collective poetry-writing project by an
In 1989, Ashira Morgenstern, a poet living in Jerusalem, began inviting colleagues to compose a set number of lines for suggested titles.[10] To explore and document serendipitous confluence, contributors do not see what anyone else has written until the lines are combined by the moderator according to a set, pre-established pattern. The order of line insertion is based simply on the date the contributing material is received. Except for changes in punctuation, not one word of the original separate poems is changed.
Another recent experiment in collaborative poetry writing is 'TAPESTRY POETRY' developed by Avril Meallem, a poet living in Israel and Shernaz Wadia, a poet living in India. Together, via email, they formulated the following guidelines for this innovative genre of collaborative poetry writing: Each poet composes a poem on a title chosen by one of them and without any discussion as to the theme of the poem. The poems are exchanged and then have to be woven into one seamless, flowing piece that can stand on its own. Being a collaborative effort the editing becomes a to and fro process until both writers are satisfied with the resulting 'Tapestry'. The basic rules are:
- Each individual poem has to be of 9 lines.
- Only the person who gives the title has the option of actually using it in the poem. This is to avoid repetition.
- The majority of words of the original poems should be kept but grammatical changes allowed. e.g. singular to plural, verb tenses, etc.
- Adjectives and adverbs can be replaced with others more befitting the Tapestry but retaining the original flavour.
- All 9 lines of each poem are to be used in the Tapestry, which effectively makes the Tapestry an 18 line poem. Further information can be found on the following website:
Since 2011, the English poet S.J. Fowler has fostered collaborations between over 500 poets in over 21 different countries, under the aegis of the Enemies project. These writing collaborations are presented in performances and have frequently also yielded collaborative book projects.
In education
Collaborative poetry-writing has been used at universities and schools as an activity for students to write poetry, with a social perspective that aims to encourage participants to discover ways in which they are connected. According to Maria Winfield, "collective poetry is an exercise designed to encourage students to work from a shared pattern in order to join their voices in a collective rhythm".[11]
See also
References
- ISBN 978-1-878972-01-9.
- ^ "Galatea Resurrects #6 (A Poetry Engagement): SAINTS OF HYSTERIA, Ed. by DENISE DUHAMEL, MAUREEN SEATON & DAVID TRINIDAD".
- ^ aapone (4 February 2014). "Poetry and Collaboration: Denise Duhamel & Maureen Seaton". Poetry and Collaboration: Denise Duhamel & Maureen Seaton.
- ^ "Rock Salt Plum Journal and Review". www.rocksaltplum.com. Archived from the original on 2007-12-15.
- ISBN 1-933368-18-7.
- ^ "Soft Skull: Saints of Hysteria by Edited by Denise Duhamel, Maureen Seaton, and David Trinidad". Archived from the original on 2008-03-19.
- ^ "أصداء - الصفحة الرئيسية". Archived from the original on 2008-02-06.
- ^ "أصداء - مصنع الشعر". Archived from the original on 2007-12-07.
- ^ "أصداء - أحذية - شعر جمعي من إنتاج مصنع الشعر". Archived from the original on 2008-05-21.
- ^ "Point and Circumference ~ Kippat Binah". www.pointandcircumference.com.
- ^ "Search - Teaching Tolerance - Diversity, Equity and Justice". www.tolerance.org. Archived from the original on 2007-09-28. Retrieved 2007-06-01.