Cornering force
 | This article relies largely or entirely on a single source. (October 2021) |
Cornering force or side force is the lateral (i.e., parallel to wheel axis) force produced by a vehicle tire during cornering.[1]
Cornering force is generated by tire slip and is proportional to slip angle at low slip angles. The rate at which cornering force builds up is described by relaxation length.[2] Slip angle describes the deformation of the tire contact patch, and this deflection of the contact patch deforms the tire in a fashion akin to a spring.
As with
Because the tire deformation tends to reach a maximum behind the center of the contact patch, by a distance known as pneumatic trail, it tends to generate a torque about a vertical axis known as self aligning torque.
The diagram is misleading because the reaction force would appear to be acting in the wrong direction. It is simply a matter of convention to quote positive cornering force as acting in the opposite direction to positive tire slip so that calculations are simplified, since a vehicle cornering under the influence of a cornering force to the left will generate a tire slip to the right.
The same principles can be applied to a tire being deformed longitudinally, or in a combination of both longitudinal and lateral directions. The behaviour of a tire under combined longitudinal and lateral deformation can be described by a traction circle.
See also
References
- ISBN 0-7680-1702-5.
- ^ Clark, S.K. (1971). Mechanics of Pneumatic Tires (1st ed.). NHTSA. Retrieved 26 February 2023.
- ISBN 978-3-8348-9667-4.
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