Countervalue
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In military doctrine, countervalue is the targeting of an opponent's assets that are of value but not actually a military threat, such as cities and civilian populations. Counterforce is the targeting of an opponent's military forces and facilities.[1][2] The Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd ed., records the first use of the word in 1660 and the first use in the modern sense in 1965 in which it is described as a "euphemism for attacking cities".
Theory
In
The rationale behind countervalue targeting is that if two sides have both achieved
Use in modern warfare
Countervalue operations are a standard part of Russian military doctrine,[3] in particular the shelling of cities and civilian populations with rocket and conventional artillery.[4] Russian countervalue operations in Ukraine have led to international condemnation.[5] The attack on the Nord Stream pipelines, blamed by some western sources on Russia, is considered a countervalue attack on EU infrastructure.[6]
International law
The intentional targeting of civilians with military force, such as nuclear weapons, is prohibited by
See also
- First strike (nuclear strategy)
- Second strike
- Counterforce
- Mutually Assured Destruction
- Deterrence theory
- Peace through strength
- Balance of terror
- Balance of power in international relations
- Revenge
- Scorched earth
References
- ^ Kristensen, Hans M.; Robert S. Norris; Ivan Oelrich (April 2009). "From Counterforce to Minimal Deterrence: A New Nuclear Policy on the Path Toward Eliminating Nuclear Weapons" (PDF). Occasional Paper. 7. FEDERATION of AMERICAN SCIENTISTS & THE NATURAL RESOURCES DEFENSE COUNCIL. Retrieved 19 September 2010. }
- ^ Corcoran, Edward A. (29 November 2005). "Strategic Nuclear Weapons and Deterrence". GlobalSecurity.org. Retrieved 19 September 2010.
- ^ "Russian Military Strategy: Operational Concepts" (PDF). CNA.
- ^ Victor, Daniel; Nechepurenko, Ivan (15 July 2022). "Russia Repeatedly Strikes Ukraine's Civilians. There's Always an Excuse". The New York Times.
- ^ "Russian attacks on civilian targets in Ukraine could be a war crime: UN rights office". 11 March 2022.
- ^ "Permanent Rupture: The European-Russian Energy Relationship Has Ended with Nord Stream". War on the Rocks. 2022-10-03. Retrieved 2022-10-26.