Different ideal
In algebraic number theory, the different ideal (sometimes simply the different) is defined to measure the (possible) lack of duality in the ring of integers of an algebraic number field K, with respect to the field trace. It then encodes the ramification data for prime ideals of the ring of integers. It was introduced by Richard Dedekind in 1882.[1][2]
Definition
If OK is the ring of integers of K, and tr denotes the field trace from K to the
is an
The ideal norm of δK is equal to the ideal of Z generated by the field discriminant DK of K.
The different of an element α of K with minimal polynomial f is defined to be δ(α) = f′(α) if α generates the field K (and zero otherwise):[6] we may write
where the α(i) run over all the roots of the characteristic polynomial of α other than α itself.[7] The different ideal is generated by the differents of all integers α in OK.[6][8] This is Dedekind's original definition.[9]
The different is also defined for a
Relative different
The relative different δL / K is defined in a similar manner for an extension of number fields L / K. The
The relative different equals the annihilator of the relative Kähler differential module :[10][12]
The
Ramification
The relative different encodes the ramification data of the field extension L / K. A prime ideal p of K ramifies in L if the factorisation of p in L contains a prime of L to a power higher than 1: this occurs if and only if p divides the relative discriminant ΔL / K. More precisely, if
- p = P1e(1) ... Pke(k)
is the factorisation of p into prime ideals of L then Pi divides the relative different δL / K if and only if Pi is ramified, that is, if and only if the ramification index e(i) is greater than 1.
Local computation
The different may be defined for an extension of local fields L / K. In this case we may take the extension to be
Notes
- ^ Dedekind 1882
- ^ Bourbaki 1994, p. 102
- ^ Serre 1979, p. 50
- ^ Fröhlich & Taylor 1991, p. 125
- ^ a b Neukirch 1999, p. 195
- ^ a b Narkiewicz 1990, p. 160
- ^ Hecke 1981, p. 116
- ^ Hecke 1981, p. 121
- ^ Neukirch 1999, pp. 197–198
- ^ a b Neukirch 1999, p. 201
- ^ a b Fröhlich & Taylor 1991, p. 126
- ^ Serre 1979, p. 59
- ^ Hecke 1981, pp. 234–236
- ^ Narkiewicz 1990, p. 304
- ^ Narkiewicz 1990, p. 401
- ^ a b Neukirch 1999, pp. 199
- ^ Narkiewicz 1990, p. 166
- ^ Weiss 1976, p. 114
- ^ Narkiewicz 1990, pp. 194, 270
- ^ Weiss 1976, p. 115
References
- MR 1290116.
- Dedekind, Richard (1882), "Über die Discriminanten endlicher Körper", Abhandlungen der Königlichen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen, 29 (2): 1–56. Retrieved 5 August 2009
- Zbl 0744.11001
- Hecke, Erich (1981), Lectures on the theory of algebraic numbers, Zbl 0504.12001
- Narkiewicz, Władysław (1990), Elementary and analytic theory of algebraic numbers (2nd, substantially revised and extended ed.), Zbl 0717.11045
- Zbl 0956.11021.
- Zbl 0423.12016
- Weiss, Edwin (1976), Algebraic Number Theory (2nd unaltered ed.), Zbl 0348.12101