Drug holiday
A drug holiday (sometimes also called a drug vacation, medication vacation, structured treatment interruption, tolerance break, treatment break or strategic treatment interruption) is when a patient stops taking a medication(s) for a period of time; anywhere from a few days to many months or even years if the doctor or medical provider feels it is best for the patient. It is recommended not to discontinue any medication without the close supervision of the prescribing party.
Planned drug holidays are used in numerous fields of medicine. They are perhaps best known in HIV therapy, after a study showed that stopping medication may stimulate the immune system to attack the virus.[1] Another reason for drug holidays is to permit a drug to regain effectiveness after a period of continuous use, and to reduce the tolerance effect that may require increased dosages.
In addition to drug holidays that are intended for therapeutic effect, they are sometimes used to reduce
In the treatment of mental illness, a drug holiday may be part of a progression toward treatment cessation. The holiday is also a tool to assess a drug's benefits against unwanted side effects, assuming that both will dissipate after an extended vacation.[citation needed]
Evolution of the practice
As a treatment for bipolar disorder
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One-day drug holidays in the lithium treatment of bipolar disorder, known as "lithium-free days", have been in use since the pioneering work of Noack and Trautner in 1951. This was found to reduce toxic buildup of the drug in some patients.[3]
As a treatment for Parkinson's disease
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Drug holidays from
As a treatment for Schizophrenia
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Drug holidays from antipsychotic medication such as chlorpromazine have been used since the early 1980s to alleviate adverse reactions associated with long-term treatment.[8][9]
According to Ann Mortimer, it is acknowledged that established guidelines require long-term treatment in established schizophrenia, because the vast majority of evidence from discontinuation, "drug holiday", and ultra-low-dose studies conducted over many years points to significantly higher relapse rates when compared to maintenance treatment. If antipsychotics cannot be avoided in the near term, there is no reason to question their long-term usefulness. The same might be said of insulin in diabetes.[10]
As a treatment for HIV
HIV selectively targets activated
A 2006 HIV literature review noted that "two studies suggested that so-called drug holidays were of no benefit and might actually harm patients, while a third study suggested that the idea might still have value and should be revisited."[11]
See also
References
- ^ Feig, Christy (2000-01-21). "AIDS virus stays in check during drug holiday, research shows". CNN. Archived from the original on 2007-03-16. Retrieved 2006-08-31.
- PMID 7573593.
- ^ Noack CH, Trautner EM. “The lithium treatment of maniacal psychosis.” Medical Journal of Australia, 18 Aug 1951, p.219-22 (1951).
- ^ Sweet RD, Lee JE, Spiegel HE, McDowell F. "Enhanced Response to Low Doses of Levodopa After Withdrawal from Chronic Treatment". Neurology v. 22, p. 520-525 (1972).
- ^ Weiner WJ, Perlik S, Koller WC, Nausieda PA, Klawans HL. "The Role of Drug Holiday in the Management of Parkinson's Disease". Neurology v. 30, p. 1257-1261 (1980).
- ^ Goetz, C, Tanner, C, Klawans, HL. "Drug Holiday in the Management of Parkinson’s Disease" (Review). Clinical Neurology vol. 5(4), p. 351–364 (1982).
- ^ Katzung, B. G.; Vanerah, T. W. (2021). Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. McGraw-Hill.
- ^ Hershey LA, Gift T, Atkins RW, Rivera-Calimlim L. "Effect of a drug holiday on plasma chlorpromazine levels in chronic schizophrenic patients". Psychopharmacology (Berl) v. 73, p. 355–83 (1981).
- ^ Rivera-Calimlim L, HersheyL. "Neuroleptic Concentrations and Clinical Response". Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology, v. 24, p. 361-386 (1984).
- .
- ^ Smith, Michael (2006-12-27). "The Year in HIV/AIDS". MedPage Today. Archived from the original on 2007-09-27. Retrieved 2006-12-29.