EPO 362
Emergency Powers (No. 362) Order 1945 or EPO 362 (
Emergency proclaimed at the start of World War II, during which the state was neutral. The order deprived those affected of pension entitlements and unemployment benefits accrued prior to their desertion, and prohibited them from employment in the public sector for a period of seven years. Most of those affected had deserted to join the armed forces of belligerents: in almost all cases those of the Allies, and mainly the British Armed Forces
.
The order was made on 8 August 1945 by
positive discrimination for those who had remained in the Defence Forces; to deter future desertions; to allow deserters to return to Ireland; and to provide a simpler, cheaper alternative to courts-martial.[3] A list of personnel affected by the order was maintained by the government; it was published in 2011.[4] Bernard Kelly has called the order "a highly pragmatic piece of political calculation".[5]
On 18 October 1945,
Exchange Telegraph report on the motion was published in many foreign newspapers, causing Joseph Walshe to complain that it gave "a mere routine measure of Army administration the character of an act of political vengeance".[8]
In the 2000s a campaign began for
Irish border.[14]
Sources
- Department of the Taoiseach (8 August 1945). "Emergency powers (no. 362) order 1945" (PDF). Government publications. Dublin: Stationery Office. Retrieved 28 October 2014.
- Canny, Liam (1998–99). "Pariah Dogs: Deserters from the Irish Defence Forces Who Joined the British Armed Forces during 'The Emergency'". Studia Hibernica (30): 231–249. JSTOR 20495095.
- Kelly, Bernard (December 2012). "'True Citizens' and 'Pariah Dogs': demobilisation, deserters and the de Valera government, 1945". The Irish Sword. XXVIII (114): 455–470. Retrieved 27 May 2020 – via Academia.edu.
References
- ^ Department of the Taoiseach (29 March 1946). "Emergency powers (no. 362) order 1945 (revocation) order 1946" (PDF). Dublin: Stationery Office. Retrieved 16 May 2017.
- ^ "Defence Forces (Temporary Provisions) Act, 1946, Section 13". Irish Statute Book. Retrieved 28 October 2014.
- ^ a b Canny 1999, p.246
- OCLC 794817291.
- ^ a b Kelly, Bernard (September–October 2011). "Dev's treatment of Irish army deserters: vindictive or pragmatic?". History Ireland. 19 (5).
- ^ a b c d "Emergency Powers (362) Order, 1945 —Motion to Annual". Dáil Éireann debates. 18 October 1945. Retrieved 28 October 2014.
- ^ a b Canny 1999, p.247
- ^ Walshe, Joseph P. (14 November 1945). "No. 34 NAI DFA 305/16: Letter to All Missions". Documents on Irish Foreign Policy. Royal Irish Academy. Retrieved 14 April 2020.
- ^ Waite, John (28 December 2011). "Why Irish soldiers who fought Hitler hide their medals". BBC News. Retrieved 30 December 2011.
- ^ Geoghehan, Peter (5 January 2012). "Sinn Fein backs pardons for Irish who joined British Army". The Scotsman. Retrieved 6 January 2012.
- ^ "Defence Forces (Second World War Amnesty and Immunity) Act 2013". Irish Statute Book. Retrieved 28 October 2014.
- ^ "Defence Forces (Second World War Amnesty and Immunity) Bill 2012 [Seanad]: Second Stage (Continued)". Dáil Éireann debates. 6 March 2013. Retrieved 28 October 2014.
Deputies will have noticed the Bill provides for an amnesty for those convicted of desertion or being absent without leave, rather than a pardon as was originally envisaged by Government. This change has been made for technical reasons and is in line with legal advice provided to me during the drafting process by the Attorney General to the effect that a pardon would require that each case be individually processed, a situation that would clearly not be possible in practical terms.
- ^ Williams, Paul (7 May 2013). "Shatter finally brings in amnesty for deserters who fought Nazis". Irish Independent. Retrieved 28 October 2014.
- ^ Kennedy, Michael (17 June 2012). "Time to ask questions about Irish army deserters during World War II". TheJournal.ie. Retrieved 28 October 2014.
Further reading
- Quinn, Joseph (26 November 2020). "The 'desertions crisis' in the Irish defence forces during the Second World War, 1939–1945". War in History. 28 (4): 825–847. S2CID 229393194.